X-Nico

2 unusual facts about Clever Hans


Clever Hans

After a formal investigation in 1907, psychologist Oskar Pfungst demonstrated that the horse was not actually performing these mental tasks, but was watching the reaction of his human observers.

Pygmalion effect

The prior research that motivated this study was done in 1911 by psychologists regarding the case of Clever Hans, a horse that gained notoriety because it was supposed to be able to read, spell, and solve math problems by using its hoof to answer.



see also

Experimenter's bias

As a result of the large amount of public interest in Clever Hans, Philosopher and psychologist Carl Stumpf investigated von Osten's scientific claims.