In this way a great deal has been learned in recent years about the mechanochemical coupling in the enzymes responsible for muscle contraction, transport in the cell, energy generation (F1-ATPase), DNA replication and transcription (polymerases), DNA unknotting and unwinding (topoisomerases and helicases), and so on.
•
Common applications of force spectroscopy are measurements of polymer elasticity, especially biopolymers such as RNA and DNA.
United States Air Force | Royal Air Force | Royal Canadian Air Force | Indian Air Force | United States Air Force Academy | X-Force | Royal Australian Air Force | First Australian Imperial Force | Israeli Air Force | French Air Force | Edwards Air Force Base | First Air Force | South African Air Force | Wright-Patterson Air Force Base | Argentine Air Force | Air Force One | Eighth Air Force | Philippine Air Force | Pakistan Air Force | Cape Canaveral Air Force Station | Australian Defence Force | Second Air Force | Russian Air Force | Royal New Zealand Air Force | Offutt Air Force Base | Maxwell Air Force Base | Canadian Expeditionary Force | Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force | Ninth Air Force | Nellis Air Force Base |