The validation may be strict (such as rejecting any address that does not have a valid postal code) or fuzzy (such as correcting records that partially match existing, known records).
For instance, a temperature measurement for anti-lock brakes might have several separate membership functions defining particular temperature ranges needed to control the brakes properly.
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DataDetective does this by offering a broad spectrum of data analysis techniques, such as associative memory prediction, clustering, decision trees, fuzzy matching, but also basic statistics, graphs and geographical visualization.
Those most popular in the literature are three-valued (e.g., Łukasiewicz's and Kleene's, which accept the values "true", "false", and "unknown"), the finite-valued with more than three values, and the infinite-valued, such as fuzzy logic and probability logic.
The first and fourth tracks have since been released on the compilation album Out Spaced, while the second track was later re-recorded for the album Fuzzy Logic and released as a single.
hakia was founded by Rıza Can Berkan, a nuclear scientist by training with a specialization in artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic, and Pentti Kouri, a New York-based economist and venture capitalist.
Lotfi Asker Zadeh — American mathematician, electrical engineer, computer scientist, founder of the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic.