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After Italian Unification and the Capture of Rome, the town was part of the Kingdom of Italy, a constitutional monarchy ruled from Rome by the House of Savoy.
In the course of the Italian unification period in the 1830's-60's, the "Austria-Este" dukes were briefly ousted in the revolutions 1831 and 1848, but soon returned.
Popović was a friend of Italian patriot and member of the Risorgimento, participating in his the detachments of Giuseppe Garibaldi during the struggle for Italian unification.
His father, Prince Grigory Ivanovich Gagarin (Saint Petersburg, 17 March 1782 - Tegernsee, 12 February 1837), was a Russian diplomat in France and later the ambassador to Italy.
The day after his bid was announced, Cota explained that it is time to rewrite the history of Italian unification, that was led by the Kingdom of Sardinia under the House of Savoy.
After Italian Unification and the abrupt (and unofficial) end of the First Vatican Council in 1870 because of the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, the Ultramontanist movement and the opposing Conciliarism became obsolete to a large extent.
Italian unification in 1860 brought together a number of States which had all (with the exception of two) abolished punishment for private, non-commercial and homosexual acts between consenting adults as a result of the Napoleonic Code.
In the peace conference at Paris for the Crimean War, Cavour attempted to bring attention to efforts for Italian unification.