An authority on Guy de Maupassant, he had translated and edited what is known to be the definitive English-language edition of Maupassant's short stories.
Neugroschel translated more than 200 books of numerous authors, including Sholem Aleichem, Bergelson, Chekhov, Dumas, Hesse, Kafka, Mann, Moliere, Maupassant, Proust, Schweitzer, Singer and modern writers such as Ernst Jünger, Elfriede Jelinek and Tahar Ben Jelloun.