Middle Chinese, the form employed by the Tang poets and often known as "Ancient Chinese" in older English texts
He specialized in Historical Japanese phonology and Historical Chinese phonology, making important contribution to the studies of Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai and Middle Chinese.
Hugh M. Stimson simplified Martin's system as an approximate indication of the pronunciation of Tang poetry.
•
This notation is still widely used, but its symbols, based on Johan August Lundell's Swedish Dialect Alphabet, differ from the familiar International Phonetic Alphabet.
Several scholars have suggested that the reconstructed Middle Chinese pronunciation of mòdùn (冒頓 is /mək-twən/.
The name Touman (*Tumen) is likely related to Middle Chinese *muan, West Tokharian t(u)māne, Old Turkic/Mongolian tümen, Modern Persian tumân, all meaning '10,000', a myriad).
Chinese | Middle Ages | Middle East | Chinese language | Han Chinese | Malcolm in the Middle | Chinese people | Mandarin Chinese | Chinese cuisine | Middle English | Chinese: | Chinese New Year | middle school | Chinese Academy of Sciences | Chinese dragon | Chinese Civil War | Chinese Taipei | Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | Chinese American | Middle-earth | Chinese University of Hong Kong | Middle Temple | High Middle Ages | Traditional Chinese characters | Middle High German | Early Middle Ages | Middle Kingdom of Egypt | Chinese Academy of Social Sciences | Late Middle Ages | Chinese yuan |
The vocabulary of Sichuanese has three main origins: Bashu (or Ancient Sichuanese), Middle Chinese and the languages of the immigrants, including Proto-Mandarin from Hubei, Xiang, Gan and Hakka, which were brought to Sichuan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
•
In the "old" Minjiang dialect, the stop consonants for checked-tone syllables in Middle Chinese have developed into tense vowels to create a phonemical contrast, and in several cities and counties the tense vowels are followed by a glottal stop to emphasize the contrast.
The table below contrasts Modern pronunciations (in Pinyin) with differing reconstructions of Early Middle Chinese (Edwin G. Pulleyblank 1991), "Archaic" Chinese (Bernhard Karlgren 1957), and Middle Chinese (William H. Baxter 1992).