Oppidum, a Latin word meaning the main settlement in any administrative area of ancient Rome
To the east timbers were often used to support the earthen ramparts, called the Preist type.
oppidum | Oppidum d'Entremont | Oppidum d'Ensérune | Oppidum |
The first reference to the Norman castle at Stilo is from May 7, 1093 in a concession act of Comte Roger to Saint Bruno: "elegerunt itaque quondam solitudinis locum inter locum qui dicitur Arena et oppidum quod appelatur Stilum".
At Cirencester, for example, the Romans made use of the army base that originally oversaw the nearby tribal oppidum to create a civitas.
Pliny the Elder recounts that when Lucius Cornelius Balbus celebrated his victory over the Garamantes of the Sahara in 19 BCE, one of the conquests feted in the parade through Rome was that of Milgis Gemmella, described as an oppidum (usually meaning fortified settlement).
It is situated at the foot of the Gergovie plateau, the official but disputed site of the Battle of Gergovia, where — near to the Arverni oppidum of Nemossos (a sacred wood, in Gaulish) — the Arverni and other Gallic tribes gathered under Vercingetorix's command to fight the Roman legions of Julius Caesar in 52 BC.
The situation of the oppidum was further worsened by the borrowings of the Héderváry family, and also by the fact that Lőrinc, the Ban of Nándorfehérvár left the fortress during the Turkish siege of 1521.
While Constantius sailed from Boulogne, Asclepiodotus took a section of the fleet and the legions from San Dun Sandouville and oppidum near Le Havre, slipping past Allectus's fleet at the Isle of Wight under cover of fog, and landed presumably in the vicinity of Southampton or Chichester, where he burned his ships.
Kelheim is also the site of a large Iron Age oppidum from the La Tène period, which has been tentatively identified as the Celtic city of Alcimoennis.
The song was also referenced in the original French language version of Asterix in Belgium, where the Belgian leader tells Asterix, Obelix and Vitalstatistix that "in his flat country oppidums are the only mountains."
After the repression of the major rebellion headed by Bato (6-9 AD), the Romans founded a military camp in the Daruvar basin, at the site previously occupied by the Iasian oppidum.
The oppidum is actually located on a low altitude (29m) hill on the shore of the small coastal river Berre.
Excavations in 1951 (Wheeler) and during the 1980s (Haselgrove) have revealed traces of round houses both within the Tofts and outside the larger enclosed area suggesting that from about 200BC agrarian settlers began to establish what became the largest oppidum in the north of England.
Their capital was Langobriga, or Longroiva (now Fiães, Santa Maria da Feira); other Turduli Veteres' towns were Talabriga (in the vinicity of Branca, Albergaria-a-Velha) and possibly Oppidum Vacca (Cabeço do Vouga).
The 180 metre high hill upon which the town and château are now located had been the site of a Gallic oppidum and a Roman castrum until in the 8th century, a château was started to be built by the Fulcher family.