In Spain, the engineer Agustín de Betancourt developed his own system which was adopted by that state.
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Only 12 simple standardized instructions are directed at aircraft using signal light guns as the system is not utilized with Morse code.
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When electronic equipment is not employed the 'receiver' is a person visually observing and interpreting a signal, which may be either simple (such as the presence of a beacon fire) or complex (such as lights using color codes or flashed in a Morse code sequence).
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