X-Nico

87 unusual facts about Poland.


AHG Industry

The holding is formed by several companies active in Germany, Romania, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Austria, People's Republic of China, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and Iraq.

Alfred W. Benson

Born in Poland, Chautauqua County, New York, he moved to Jamestown, New York in 1860, and attended Jamestown and Randolph Academies.

Aniela Cukier

Her landscapes with views of Kazimierz Dolny, Wisniow, and Puck dominated her output and became popular, with some translated to woodcuts.

Bolesław Skarżyński

Bolesław Skarżyński (1901-1963) was a renowned Polish biologist.

Bones of Love

"Bones of Love" is the first single from the album Indecent Songs (which was released in Poland in 2003).

Bukowo, Szczecin

Bukowo is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland situated on the left bank of Oder river, north of the Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town, south of the town of Police.

Bydgoszcz Voivodeship

Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946-1975 was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1946–1975.

Campaign Against Homophobia

Campaign Against Homophobia (original name: Kampania Przeciw Homofobii, abbreviation: KPH) is a Polish LGBT organisation, which aims to promote legal and social equality for people outside the heteronorm.

Carl-Philipp-Emanuel-Bach-Straße

Apart from being very close to the Oder river and the border crossing to Słubice, Poland, Carl-Philipp-Emanuel-Bach-Straße is home to part of the Viadrina Museum in the Junker house and Museum for Junge Kunst.

Częstochowa Voivodeship

Though most of the current territory of the former Częstochowa Voivodeship belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship, it historically is part of Lesser Poland, apart from western areas, around Lubliniec and Olesno.

Elections in Poland

There were also elections in the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), and the People's Republic of Poland, although most of the latter are considered to have been rigged.

The 1997 Constitution and the changed administrative divisions of 1999 required a revision of the electoral system, which was passed in April 2001.

Poland has a long history of elections dating several centuries, including the elections to Sejm from 1182 and the elective monarchy from 1569 to 1795.

The Senate (Senat) has 100 members elected for a four-year term via the first past-the-post system, with 100 single member constituencies.

The remaining one-third of the seats in the Sejm and all those in the Senate were freely contested; the majority of these were by candidates supported by Solidarity.

Great Sejm – or the Four-Years Sejm of 1798–1792, which voted for the May Constitution of Poland;

He abdicated in 1795 after the partitions of Poland ended the existence of sovereign state of Poland for 123 years.

Franek

Franek is the oldest oil shaft in the world, located in the village of Bóbrka Poland.

Frank Walus

Frank Walus (July 29, 1922 – August 17, 1994) was born in Poland, worked in Germany during World War II and emigrated to the USA in the mid-1940s.

Gdańsk Voivodeship

The name Gdańsk Voivodeship has been used twice to designate local governments in Poland.

Gdansk Voivodeship (2) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1945–1975, superseded by the voivodeships of Gdansk (1), Elbląg and Słupsk (area of Lębork).

Gdańsk Voivodeship (1) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–98, superseded by Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Gerard Antoni Ciołek

He was a member of the State Council for the Nature Conservation ('Panstwowa Rada Ochrony Przyrody', PROP), as well as served on the Boards of Directors of the Tatra National Park and the Pieniny National Park.

Human rights in Poland

Human rights in Poland are guaranteed by the second chapter of the Constitution of Poland.

A 2010 report by United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor noted that "Poland's government generally respects the human rights of its citizens"; it did however note problems, mainly police misconduct, lengthy pretrial detention, laws that restricted free speech (although rarely enforced), corruption in the government and society.

Independent Students' Union

On November 25, students of Warsaw's School of Fire Service Officers went on strike to protest their college's being subjected directly to the Ministry of Interior and Administration instead of the Higher Education Bill.

IS-4 Jastrząb

The IS-4 Jastrząb (Instytut Szybownictwa – gliding institute) was a single-seat aerobatic glider designed and built in Poland from 1949.

IS-5 Kaczka

The IS-5 Kaczka (Instytut Szybownictwa – gliding institute) was a single-seat canard research glider designed and built in Poland from 1948.

Isidor Barndt

Archpriest Isidor Barndt (1816-1891), a poet and world traveler from Neisse, Germany, a town in the former state of Silesia, now Nysa, Poland, promoted reunionism and wrote about similarities in faiths in order to overcome splits between Protestants and Catholics in late 19th century Germany.

Jadwiga Zlotorzycka

Jadwiga Zlotorzycka (1926-2002) was a Polish entomologist.

Jan Pitass

Jan Pitass (July 3, 1844 - December 11, 1913) was a Polish priest who was the founder and first pastor of the oldest Polish parish (St. Stanislaus - Bishop & Martyr Church) in the diocese of Buffalo, New York.

Jim Parton

He now lives in Southern Poland where he is restoring a seventeenth-century former bishop's palace with his wife at Piotrowice Nyskie, near Nysa.

John Mojecki

Born in Kożuszkowo, Poland, his first place of residence was Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania (now known as Jim Thorpe).

Kamnica

Kamnica, Poland, a village in the Miastko district of Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kazimierz Boratyński

Kazimierz Boratyński (born July 30, 1906 in Gródek - December 8, 1991 in Wrocław) was a Polish chemist.

Kazimierz Pietkiewicz

Kazimierz Pietkiewicz (born 1861 - October 30, 1934 in Anin) was a Polish socialist and independence activist.

Kazimierz Tyszka

Kazimierz Tyszka (1872 Kalisz, Poland – 1952 London, UK) was the Polish Minister of Railways from 1923-25 under Władysław Grabski's government.

Klemzig

Klępsk in Poland was previously a Prussian village known by the German name, Klemzig

Kokot

Kokot, Poland, a village in Gmina Kije, Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland

Kordon

Kordon, Poland, a village in Gmina Narewka of Hajnówka County of Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland

Koszalin Voivodeship

– a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1950–75, created from eastern part of Szczecin Voivodeship, superseded by the voivodeships of Koszalin (2), Slupsk and Pila.

Left and Democrats

LiD did not manage to elect any of its members to the upper house Senate.

Although the coalition was initially conceived as a temporary electoral alliance for the 2006 local elections, cooperation between the parties continued, and on January 18, 2007, a Political Negotiating Committee headed by former Polish President Aleksander Kwaśniewski was created, for the purpose of clarifying a common centre-left political program.

Lubusz Voivodeship

By conquest the first leaders of the Polans, Mieszko I and especially Boleslaw I added a number of surrounding territories to the newly established core Polish state, and Lebus Land or Lubusz in Lusatia came under Polish rule.

Ludwik Sitowski

Ludwik Sitowski (born 1880 - 1947) was a Polish zoologist.

M. Wolf

Marek Wolf, a Polish physicist, currently with the Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław.

Mikhail Yuzefovich

In his report to the Russian Government "On the so-called Ukrainophile movement" in 1876 he characterised Ukrainian language societies as subversive and claimed they were organised by Polish and Austrian enemies of Russia.

Mil Mi-3

It is also a Russian designation for the Polish-Soviet co-operation on larger helicopters based on the Mi-2 that could replace the Mi-4 from 1971.

Milewski

Milewski is a surname of Polish origin, most commonly associated with nobility.

Mosna

Mosna, Poland, a village in Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland

Nestlé Waters North America

Poland Spring water is derived from multiple sources in the state of Maine, including Poland Spring and Garden Spring in Poland, Clear Spring in Hollis, Evergreen Spring in Fryeburg, Spruce Spring in Pierce Pond Township, and White Cedar Spring in Dallas Plantation.

Pinhas Kopel

Koppel was born on January 15, 1918 (2 Shvat 5678 on the Hebrew calendar) in the town of Turek in central Poland.

Poland Spring

Despite the name, the water does not come from the country of Poland but from derived multiple sources in the state of Maine, including Poland Spring and Garden Spring in Poland, Clear Spring in Hollis, Evergreen Spring in Fryeburg, Spruce Spring in Pierce Pond Township, and White Cedar Spring in Dallas Plantation, Bradbury Spring in Kingfield.

Poland–Russia relations

Exercise Zapad in September 2009 practiced a simulated nuclear attack against Poland, suppression of an uprising by a Polish minority in Belarus, and many operations of an offensive nature.

Poland–Russia relations have a long history, dating to the late Middle Ages, when the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Muscovy struggled over control of their borderlands.

Poland–Serbia relations

As having origin in the Proto-Slavs, the two were pagan (Slavic religion) until forming of Christianity as state-religion; 867–886 in Serbia with the baptism of Mutimir (possibly by Eastern Christian Cyril and Methodius), and 966 in Poland with the baptism of Mieszko I (by Western Christian Jordan).

Poland–Ukraine relations

While this left the Polish-Ukrainian relations in the mid-20th century in a relatively poor state, there was little meaningful and independent diplomacy and contact between the People's Republic of Poland and the Ukrainian SSR.

Poland, Indiana

After completion, Tom and Marsha plan to launch the boat in Kentucky Lake, then take the Tombigbee waterway to the Gulf of Mexico, then on to see the world.

Polish Solidarity Campaign

Britain's Polish Solidarity Campaign (PSC) was a campaign in solidarity with Solidarity (the Solidarność trade union) and other democratic forces in Poland.

Politics of Poland

The Council of Ministers is responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers.

Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament (known together by the very same name as the lower house "Sejm"), the Sejm and the Senate.

Executive power is exercised by the government, which consists of a council of ministers led by the Prime Minister.

The political system is defined in the Polish Constitution, which also guarantees a wide range of individual freedoms.

Executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers.

The politics of Poland take place in the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government of a multi-party system and the President is the head of state.

The judicial branch plays a minor role in politics, apart from the Constitutional Tribunal, which can annul laws that violate the freedoms guaranteed in the constitution.

The Senate (Senat) has 100 members elected for a four-year term in 40 multi-seat constituencies under a rare plurality bloc voting method where several candidates with the highest support are elected from each electorate.

The president, as the head of state, is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces and has the power to veto legislation passed by parliament, but otherwise has a mostly representative role.

Robert P. Pula

He was a polymathic poet, painter, pianistic composer, Polka historian, Polish culturalist, cartoonist, writer, editor, and teacher.

Rzhev

In the meantime, the town was occupied for a short space by Tver, Poland-Lithuania, and finally by the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

Setnica

Setnica, Poland, a settlement in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland

Skolwin

Skolwin is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland situated on the left bank of Oder river, north of the Szczecin Old Town, and Middle Town, south of the town of Police.

Słupsk Voivodeship

was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998, previously part of Szczecin Voivodeship (1945–50) and Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–75), superseded (since 1999) by Pomeranian Voivodeship and West Pomeranian Voivodeship (Sławno County).

Smerd

Sources from the 11th and 12th centuries mention smerds’ presence in the Kievan Rus (e.g. Russkaya Pravda) and Poland.

Spiny

Spiny, Poland, a village in the district of Gmina Pakosławice, within Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland

Środa County

Two counties (powiats) in Poland may be referred to in English by this name, as in Polish they are both named powiat średzki (which means "powiat of Środa").

SS-Oberabschnitt Weichsel

After 1940, Oberabschnitt Weichsel became heavily involved in commanding atrocity actions in Poland; as World War II progressed, the Oberabschnitt itself became nearly one and the same with the office of the SS and Police Leaders.

Stanisław Biniecki

Stanisław Biniecki (July 29, 1907 in Sławno - May 3, 1999) was a Polish chemist.

Stanisław Rehman

Stanisław Rehman (1838–1899), was a city councillor in Kraków, Poland.

Szymon Syrski

Szymon Syrski (24 October 1824, Łubnie – 13 January 1882, Lwów) was a Polish zoologist.

Terrorfront

Terrorfront is the first and debut full-length album by Polish blackened death metal band Infernal War.

Urząd Ochrony Państwa

The UOP replaced the communist-era Służba Bezpieczeństwa (SB), I Departament People's Republic of Poland Ministry of Internal Affairs - intelligence, II Departament People's Republic of Poland Ministry of Internal Affairs - counter-intelligence, whose responsibilities had additionally included the suppression of opposition to the government prior to 1989.

W.W.S.1 Salamandra

The W.W.S. 1 Salamandra (Salamander) was a single-seat training glider designed and built in Poland from Autumn 1935.

W.W.S.2 Żaba

The WWS-2 Żaba (Frog) was a single-seat training glider designed and built in Poland from 1937.

Welfare in Poland

Constitution of Poland states that all citizens have the right to social security in case of being unable to find a job, reaching the retirement age, or suffering from inability to work due to illness or disability.

Due to the economic recession that the economy of Poland suffered in the 1990s, spending in real terms in some areas that have remained stable as a percent of the GDP, such as education and medical services, have fallen.

Yaakov Banai

Yaakov Banai (Tunkel) was born on March 20, 1920 in Baranovichi, Poland.


2012 Men's Junior European Volleyball Championship

The 2012 Men's Junior European Volleyball Championship is being held in Gdynia, Poland and Randers, Denmark from August 24 to September 2, 2012.

Ariel Jakubowski

Ariel Jakubowski (born September 7, 1977 in Człuchów) is a Polish footballer who currently plays for Polish side Wisła Płock.

Austeria

Austeria (aka The Inn) is a Polish feature film directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz, produced by Zespół Filmowy "Kadr" and released in 1983.

Bukownica

Bukownica, Gostyń County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Byszewo

Byszewo, Kołobrzeg County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

CD Mirandés

Additionally, it also held other sporting events, most notably the under-21 match between Spain and Poland in 2006 (0–1).

Chraplewo

Chraplewo, Nowy Tomyśl County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Cryptocephalus virens

These beetles can be found in Southern and Central Europe from Italian Alps and Bavaria to Southern Poland, Russia, Turkey, East Palearctic ecozone and the Near East.

Ectaco

Within the next 2 years offices were opened in Germany (Berlin), Great Britain (London), the Czech Republic (Prague), Canada (Toronto), Poland (Warsaw) and Ukraine (Kiev).

Flight 16

LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, a 2011 belly-landing of a Boeing 767-300ER in Warsaw, Poland

Gabriele Oriali

He was also part of the team that defeated the strong teams of Argentina and Brazil, and defeated Poland in the semi-final.

Interoute

Interoute's offices: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, plus a Network Operations Centre in Sofia and a Customer Service Centre in Prague and Luleå.

Jacek Rostowski

From 1989 to 1991 during Poland’s great economic transformation following the fall of communism, Vincent-Rostowski was an advisor to the Polish Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister, Leszek Balcerowicz.

Jacob's Rescue

Jacob's Rescue is a 1994 children's book by Malka Drucker and Michael Halperin based on a true story that takes place in Warsaw, Poland during the holocaust.

Jadwiżyn

Jadwiżyn, Drawsko County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

Jakob Walter

In 1806, Walter and his brother were conscripted into the regiment of Romig and served in the campaign of 1806-1807 in Poland, as part of King Jérôme’s contribution to the Grande Armée.

Jastrzębniki

Jastrzębniki, Kalisz County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Joanka

Joanka, Kalisz County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Józef Młynarczyk

Młynarczyk gained 42 caps for Poland during seven years, the first arriving in 1979 whilst in the ranks of lowly Odra Opole.

Józef Stala

After studies at the Warsaw Theological Academy (now: Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw he earned at May 15, 1995 the Licentiate, at June 8, 1998 the Doctorate and in 2005 the Habilitation with his book: "Katecheza o małżeństwie i rodzinie w Polsce po Soborze Watykańskim II." (Religious education in the Families in Poland after the Second Vatican Council) at the Pontifical University of John Paul II.

Kaźmierzewo

Kaźmierzewo, Włocławek County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)

Kosobudy

Kosobudy, Szczecinek County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

Law enforcement in Poland

In Poland, the national police service Policja is directly responsible to the central government, and whilst it operates with an organisational structure that allows voivodeship commands to exist, the regional authorities do not have any major say in law enforcement policy, and cannot affect the day-to-day operations of their local force.

Łężek

Łężek, Sławno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

Magdalena Abakanowicz

Magdalena Abakanowicz (born June 20, 1930, in Falenty, Poland) is a Polish sculptor and fiber artist.

Mały Buczek

Mały Buczek, Złotów County, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipka, Złotów County, Poland

Marek Gazdzicki

Since 2003, he holds a professorship at the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland, and works as researcher and outside lecturer at the University of Frankfurt/Main.

Marina Shainova

At the 2006 European Championships in Władysławowo, Poland she won gold in the Women's 58 kg with 237 kg in total, breaking three European records.

Mikołajów

Mikołajów, Staszów County in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)

Owieczki

Owieczki, Oborniki County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Piaskowo

Piaskowo, Gmina Szamotuły in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Podstolice

Podstolice, Chodzież County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Ramón Quiroga

Quiroga is perhaps best remembered for his appearance at the 1978 FIFA World Cup in a match against Poland, when he ran all the way to the opposition half and fouled Grzegorz Lato, receiving a yellow card in the process.

Raszyn radio transmitter

The longwave transmitter Raszyn is a longwave broadcasting transmitter near Raszyn, Poland.

Rozniaty

Różniaty, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)

Sękowo

Sękowo, Szamotuły County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Simon Schama's Power of Art

It aired in Poland on TVP2 in February and March 2008, on PBS in the US and re -broadcast in September 2008 on TVOntario in Canada, ABC1 in Australia, Australia Network in the Asia-Pacific region, TV ONE in New Zealand and on ET1 in Greece.

Sławnikowice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus was born in Kieslingswalde (now Sławnikowice in western Poland).

Śmiłowo

Śmiłowo, Piła County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Smolary

Smolary, Gniezno County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

Sokratis Papastathopoulos

He became the first player to be sent off at UEFA Euro 2012 during the opening game of the tournament against co-hosts Poland, after receiving two yellow cards, following what pundits decried as two poor decisions by the referee Carlos Velasco Carballo.

Stanowice

Stanowice, Góra County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)

Stefan Constantinescu

The exhibition incorporates a cardboard installation with a series of video works by Hungarian artist Péter Forgács, Poland’s Zuzanna Janin, UK-based collaborators Karen Mirza and Brad Butler, Lithuanian Deimantas Narkevičius and Switzerland’sYves Netzhammer, sound-work by Liliana Moro, a sculpture by Via Lewandowski and Constantinescu's own film My Beautiful Dacia.

Susumu Kobayashi

He scored a total of 577 targets in the preliminary rounds of the men's 10 m air pistol, by four points ahead of Poland's Wojciech Knapik from the final attempt, finishing only in twenty-third place.

Troszyn

Troszyn, Kamień County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

VH1 Europe

Though produced in Warsaw (Poland), VH1 Europe broadcasts from MTV Networks Europe's premises in Camden Town (London, UK) to the whole continent of Europe, covering also the Middle East, South Africa and parts of Northern Africa.

Warszawa Wschodnia railway station

It is now considered the worst railway station in Poland, according to Gazeta Wyborcza which gave it last place in the ranking of 23 most significant Polish railway stations.

Weinfeld

Yocheved Weinfeld (born 1947), a Poland-born Israeli female painter

Zbigniew Małkowski

He has since returned to Poland to continue playing his football at a lower level, with OKS 1945 Olsztyn, his first senior club.