Although Japan Railways Group companies are private entities, they are not considered private railways because of their unique status as the successors of the Japanese National Railways (JNR).
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Among private railways in Japan, 15 companies are categorized as "major", such as Odakyu, Keikyu, Meitetsu, Tokyu.
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With the planning of a private railway to Hvittingfoss during the last years of the 1890s, there arose a controversy over the location of a new station in Holmestrand.
The sawmill of Anton Heggenstaller based in Unterbernbach has refurbished its siding and loading area, so that regular wood trains from the Augsburg Localbahn and other private railway companies, like the OHE may be seen.
In 1961, three self-propelled diesel railcars were introduced by the South Maitland Railway (SMR), a private railway in the Hunter Region.
The section from Tirano to Sondrio had a different origin, being opened in 1902 as a private railway by the Società Anonima per le Ferrovie dell'Alta Valtellina (FAV).