When Shi Le established the Later Zhao state, it is thought that many of the Uar from around Pingyang (平陽, in modern Linfen, Shanxi) fled west along the Silk Road.
In spring 312, though, Shi Le, preparing to have his army cross the Yangtze River to attack Jianye, then under the control of the Jin general Sima Rui the Prince of Langye, encountered difficulties as his army was trapped in the rain.
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Fotudeng uttered the only phrase that reached us in the Jie language, cited in connection with the Shi Le fight against Liu Yao in 328 CE, and recorded in the Chinese annals with Chinese translation.
His Han state attracted the support of some chieftains of other non-Chinese Xianbei and Di and certain bandit forces including those of an ex-slave Shi Le of the Jie ethnicity.