Larry Gaines and Roger Miller state in their book, Criminal Justice in Action, that "...crime is largely a product of unfavorable conditions in certain communities."
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They argued that "neighborhood conditions, be the of wealth or poverty, had a much greater determinant effect on criminal behavior than ethnicity, race, or religion" (Gaines and Miller).
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According to the Social Disorganization Theory there are ecological factors that lead to high rates of crime in these communities, and these factors linked to constantly elevated levels of "high school dropouts, unemployment, deteriorating infrastructures, and single-parent homes" (Gaines and Miller).
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