In 1532, a group of Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro defeated the Inca ruler Atahualpa and soon took over his Empire.
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Miguel Estete - Spanish military and conquistador (b. Santo Domingo de la Calzada, 1495 - d. Ayacucho about 1572), took part in the conquest of the Inca empire, participating in all major actions, including the capture of its last emperor, Atahualpa (1532).
The inspiration for the novel came from seeing a performance of Alzire, Voltaire's play set during the Spanish conquest of Peru; immediately afterwards, in May 1743, she began to read the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega's History of the Incas, which supplied most of the historical background for the story.