X-Nico

40 unusual facts about Ottoman Empire


10 cent euro coin

Feraios was an eminent figure of Greek Enlightenment and was he first victim of the uprising against the Ottoman Empire.

Balkandji

As the Stara Planina mountain range used to be called “The Balkan” in Bulgaria, it also means “a man from the mountains”, mainly referring to the revolutionaries and people that were hiding in Stara Planina while Bulgaria was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, hence a brave and patriotic young man.

Banu Rashid

They entered into sporadic alliance with Spain, when faced with the threat of Ottoman expansion.

Barrio Patronato

In early 20th century there was a massive influx of Christian Palestinians and Lebanse fleeing the Ottoman Empire due to religious prosecution, and later the economic situation and the outbreak of World War I.

Bourganeuf

Prince Cem Sultan, pretender to the throne of the Ottoman Empire, was kept prisoner here in the fifteenth century.

Christian tattooing in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This very old custom, used exclusively among Catholic Christians, had a special meaning in the period of the Ottoman occupation.

Croats would tattoo their children in order to save them from Turks who kidnapped them in Ottoman Bosnia, while Croatian women were tattooed in hopes of protecting themselves from being taken away by Turkish men into captivity.

Cinema of Syria

Eight years later, the Ottoman administration established the first film theater, in Damascus.

Clifford Day Mallory Cup

A piece of history in and of itself, the Mallory Cup was originally gifted by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire to the family of Lord Nelson in appreciation of his command over the English fleet that defeated Napoleon in the Battle of the Nile.

Colorado Ranger

The original foundation ancestors of the Colorado Ranger were two stallions brought to the United States and given to US president Ulysses S. Grant by the Turkish Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1878.

Column of Justinian

It stood in the western side of the great square of the Augustaeum, between the Hagia Sophia and the Great Palace, and survived until the early 16th century, when it was demolished by the Ottomans.

Courtney's and Steel's Post Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery

The campaign lasted eight months and was fought by British Empire and French forces against the Ottoman Empire in an attempt to force Turkey out of the war and to open a supply route to Russia through the Dardanelles and the Black Sea.

Daniel Decker

Named after the city where one of the first massacres of the Armenian people took place, “Adana” tells the story of the Armenian Genocide, during which soldiers of the Ottoman Empire forced 1.5 million Armenians into starvation, torture and extermination because they would not renounce their Christian faith.

Diego Duque de Estrada

Duque de Estrada saw a good deal of fighting both with the Turks and the Venetians; but he is mainly interesting because he was employed by the viceroy in the conspiracy against Venice.

Douglas Haskell

The son of American missionaries, Haskell was born in the Ottoman Empire, in the Balkan city of Monastir, now Bitola in the Republic of Macedonia.

Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre

He conferred numerous benefactions on St. Saviour's, and induced the Turks to remove the stable which obstructed the light and air of the little monastery of the Holy Sepulchre.

Illés Relief

The scale model reflects the city under the later stages of Ottoman rule.

İsmail Bilen

İsmail Bilen (1902 in Çinçiva village, Vija, Ottoman Empire – November 18, 1983 in East Berlin, GDR) was a Turkish politician.

Karl Krumbacher

Krumbacher's extensive travels in Greece and the Ottoman Empire became the basis of his Griechische Reise (1886).

Legend of Saint Ursula

The paintings were commissioned by the Loredan family, who had the Scuola of St. Ursula under their patronage and who had been distinguished for their military deeds against the "infidel" Ottomans, which are repeatedly echoed in the panels of the cycle.

Levantine cuisine

This region shared many culinary traditions under the Ottoman Empire which continue to be influential today.

London Protocol

In return, the British agreed to remain neutral in any conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Russia.

Moldavian Bull's Heads

Aside from the economic advantage derived from simplifying communications, the stamps and the symbol they used were a political statement against the Ottoman Empire that still exercised suzerainty over the principality.

Nogais

The Kalmyks expelled the Nogais who fled to the northern Caucasian plains and to the Crimean Khanate, areas under the control of the Ottoman Empire.

Osmanoğlu family

The Osmanoğlu family refers to the current members of the historical House of Osman (the Ottoman dynasty) who were the sole rulers and the namesake of the Ottoman Empire from 1299 until the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1922.

Ouchy

On 18 October 1912, the First Treaty of Lausanne was signed in Ouchy between Italy and the Ottoman Empire, concluding the Italo-Turkish War.

Piana degli Albanesi

Piana degli Albanesi was founded in the late fifteenth century by a large group of Albanian refugees coming from the Balkans during the conquest of the latter by the Ottoman Empire.

Principality of Samos

Tributary to the Ottoman Empire, paying the annual sum of £2700.It was governed by a Christian of Greek descent though nominated by the Porte, who bore the title of "Prince".

Rio Claro, São Paulo

Starting in the 19th century, Rio Claro attracted large numbers of immigrants from European countries, especially from Germany, Switzerland and Italy, but also from Spain, Portugal, some Eastern European countries, and a substantial community of Christian Arabs from the then Ottoman Empire (mostly Syrian and Lebanese).

Sasima

Sasima is the modern Turkish village of Zamzama, a little to the north of Yer Hissar, in the Ottoman vilayet of Koniah, where a few inscriptions and rock tombs are to be found.

Siege of Krujë

The Siege of Krujë refers to four attempts of the Ottoman Empire to capture Krujë in Albania during the 15th century.

Smetanka

Count Alexey Orlov of Russia obtained many Arabians, including Smetanka, from the nobility of the Ottoman Empire and other sources tracing to the Bedouin of the Arabian peninsula.

Syringa vulgaris

--no italics for hybrid symbol ×-->, the finer, smaller "Persian lilac", now considered a natural hybrid — were introduced into European gardens at the end of the sixteenth century, from Ottoman gardens, not through botanists exploring the Balkan habitats of S. vulgaris.

The Man with the Golden Touch

On the way to Komárom, they stop at an island, the "no man's island", which lies in the Danube between the Ottoman Empire and the Hungarian part of the Habsburg Empire, undiscovered and unclaimed by both.

The Turkish Bath

In 1825, he copied a passage from Letters from the Orient by Lady Mary Montagu, who had accompanied her British diplomat husband to the Ottoman Empire in 1716 - her letters had been re-published eight times in France alone between 1763 and 1857, adding to the Orientalist craze there.

Theodor Wiegand

From 1899 till 1911 he worked for the museums of Berlin as a Foreign Director in Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, and was the science attaché of the German Embassy there.

United States foreign policy in the Middle East

Moreover, in comparison to European powers such as Britain and France which had managed to colonize almost all of the Middle East region after defeating the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the United States was "popular and respected throughout the Middle East".

Usman

Ottoman Empire, also known as Osmanli, Empire of Osman (modern-day Turkey)

Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire

Vassal States were a number of tributary or vassal states, usually on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire under suzerainty of the Porte, over which direct control was not established, for various reasons.

William Cosgrove

Corporal Cosgrove led a company section during the attack on the Turkish positions.


3rd government of Turkey

Previously, he was a minister in an Ottoman Empire government and prime minister in pre-Republican Turkey (1923).

Abu Bakr Effendi

Sheikh Abu Bakr Effendi (1814–1880) was an Osmanli qadi who was sent in 1862 by the Ottoman sultan Abdülmecid I at the request of the British Queen Victoria to the Cape of Good Hope, in order to teach and assist the Muslim community of the Cape Malays.

Aleksandar Protogerov

Alexandar Protogerov (1867 Ohrid, Ottoman Empire, today Republic of Macedonia - 1928, Sofia) was a Bulgarian general, politician and revolutionary as well as a member of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia, Thrace and Pomoravlje.

Anna Balakian

Anna Balakian (14 July 1915 in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (now Istanbul, Turkey) – 12 August 1997 in New York City, United States), former chair of the Department of Comparative Literature at New York University, was internationally recognized as an authority on symbolism and surrealism.

Armenian casualties of deportations

Armenian casualties of deportations, part of World War I casualties, only cover a subset of Ottoman Armenian casualties during the Tehcir (deportation) activities of the Ottoman Empire under the Tehcir Law May 27, 1915, February 8-1916 what is known as Armenian genocide.

Bahr negus Yeshaq

When the Ottoman general Özdemir Pasha, who had been made governor of the Ottoman province of Habesh, crossed over from Jeddah in 1557 and occupied Massawa, Arqiqo and finally Debarwa, capital of the Bahri negassi, Yeshaq led the local peasantry against the invaders, recapturing Debarwa and seizing the "immense treasure" the invaders piled up within.

Coat of arms of Albania

The bottom part bears a copper strip adorned with a monogram separated by rosettes * IN * PE * RA * TO * RE BT *, which means: Jhezus Nazarenus * Principi Emathie * Regi Albaniae * Terrori Osmanorum * Regi Epirotarum * Benedictat Te (Jesus Nazarene Blesses Thee Skanderbeg, Prince of Mat, King of Albania, Terror of the Ottomans, King of Epirus).

David ben Judah Messer Leon

However, in 1495 the city fell to the French under Charles VIII, and he fled east to the Ottoman Empire to escape the violent pogroms that ensued, spending time in Istanbul before moving sometime between 1498 and 1504 to teach Torah in Salonica, at that time in a state of intellectual vibrancy due to the settlement there of many Sephardi exiles forced to leave after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, Sicily in 1493, and Portugal in 1496.

Dimitrios Tomprof

Tomprof, of Smyrna in the Ottoman Empire, placed either fourth or fifth in his preliminary heat of the 800 metres, though records do not indicate whether he was ahead or behind countryman Angelos Fetsis.

Dresden Castle

It displays more than 600 objects of art from the Ottoman Empire, making it one of the oldest and most significant collections outside Turkey.

Duchy of Racha

The rival noble clans, especially Tsulukidze and Tsereteli, attempted to counter the move by invoking a force of Ottoman and Dagestan mercenaries, only to be routed by the royal army in 1786.

Epameinondas Deligiorgis

He was not a proponent of the Megali Idea (Great Idea) and thought that a better solution to the Eastern Question would be to improve the condition of the Greeks living in Ottoman-controlled Macedonia, Epirus, Thrace and Asia Minor by liberalising the Ottoman Empire.

Erlet Shaqe

After fall of Pashalik of Yanina his relatives and family moved to Vithkuq and Lubonja,where they had land properties.In 1900 the revolution against Ottoman Empire to gain Independence for all the land of Epirus and Albania was decisive for all the people who lived in this part of Balkan during this time.

Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre

The convent is accessible only from the basilica, which under Ottoman rule was in charge of Muslim guards.

Firishta

According to the scholar T.N. Devare, Firishta's account is the most widely quoted history of the Adil Shahi, but it is the only source for a fabricated story asserting the Ottoman origin of Yusuf Adil Shah, the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty (Devare 67 fn2, 272).

Fountain of Qasim Pasha

The fountain was built by Qasim Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Jerusalem in 1527 during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, making the first public structure to be built on the Haram al-Sharif/ Al-Aqsa Mosque by the Ottomans.

Gracia Mendes Nasi

Under Dona Gracia, the House of Mendes dealt with King Henry II of France, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, his sister Mary, Governess of the Low Countries, Popes Paul III and Paul IV, and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Hector de Castro

Hector de Castro(1849 – January 30, 1909) was an Ottoman born American businessman and diplomat.

Ieremia Movilă

The potential conflict with the country's Ottoman overlord was defused after the Poles negotiated an agreement with Sinan Pasha, although Moldavia was invaded by the Khan of Crimea and Ottoman vassal Ğazı II Giray.

Il gran Tamerlano

The story of Il gran Tamerlano is based on events surrounding the Battle of Ankara of 1402, fought between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I and the Turco-Mongol ruler Timur, who is known in English-speaking countries as Tamerlane.

Ivan Franjo Jukić

Jukić's famous 1850 memorandum to the Porte (the government of the Ottoman Empire), titled Želje i molbe kristjanah u Bosni i Hercegovini, koje ponizno prikazuju njegovom veličanstvu sretnovladajućem sultanu Abdul-Medžidu represents the first draft of a European-inspired civic constitution in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

İzmir Clock Tower

In the former Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire, particularly in present-day Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin towns such as Belgrade, Prijepolje, Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Gradačac and Stara Varoš, similar Ottoman era clock towers still exist and are called Sahat Kula (derived from the Turkish words Saat Kulesi, meaning Clock Tower.)

Kafr 'Inan

It is during the rule of the Ottoman Empire over Palestine that the form Kafr ʿInān (Kafr 'Anan) first appears. The village is listed in 1596, as forming part of the nahiya (subdistrict) of Jira under the Liwa of Safad, with a population of 259.

Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels

After his father's death he succeeded him as master of his estates at Ehrenfels, but in early 1822, along with other philhellenes, he sailed to Greece to assist the Greek rebels in their uprising against the Ottoman Empire.

Legend of Saint Ursula

The banners over the tower, red-white with three golden crowns, are those of the Ottoman sultan Mehmet II, the main Venetian enemy during Carpaccio's life.

Little Syria, Manhattan

The overwhelming majority of the residents were Arabic-speaking Christians, Melkite and Maronite immigrants from present-day Syria and Lebanon who settled in the area in the late 19th century, escaping religious persecution and poverty in their homelands – which were then under control of the Ottoman Empire – and answering the call of American missionaries to escape their difficulties by traveling to New York City.

Maramureș

In the 16th century, medieval Kingdom of Hungary was invaded and destroyed by the Ottoman Empire, and area came under administration of the semi-independent Ottoman Principality of Transylvania and later (in the end of the 17th century) under administration of the Habsburg Monarchy (later known as the Austrian Empire).

Matochina

Matochina has existed since at least 1664, when Ottoman sultan Mehmed IV was reported to have hunted near the abandoned fortress and the village located below it.

Mircea I of Wallachia

The defeat of Sultan Beyazid I by Timur Lenk (Tamerlane) at Ankara in the summer of 1402 opened a period of anarchy in the Ottoman Empire and Mircea took advantage of it to organize together with the Hungarian king a campaign against the Turks.

Müzeyyen Senar

Senar was born on July 16, 1918 in the village of Gököz in the Keles district of Bursa Province, in the then Ottoman Empire.

Necip Hablemitoğlu

He is survived by his wife Prof. Dr. Şengül Hablemitoglu, and daughters Kanije, and Uyvar, named after the outmost forts of the Ottoman Empire in the west and in the north.

Nicolae Milescu

In 1660-1664, he acted as representative of his country with its Ottoman overlord, and then as envoy to Berlin and Stockholm.

Nikola Bošković

Nikola came to Dubrovnik as a boy and his parents sent him to become a trader's apprentice for a wealthy trader called Rad Gleđević, who then dispatched him to Novi Pazar in the Ottoman Empire (today Sandžak, Serbia) to learn from the local traders.

Pantelleria

In 1123 Roger of Sicily took the island, and in 1311 an Aragonese fleet, under the command of Lluís de Requesens, won a considerable victory here, and his family became princes of Pantelleria until 1553, when the town was sacked by the Turks.

Pavlos Rakovitis

Born in Rakovo, Florina, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Kratero, Florina, Greece) in 1877, he grew up to be the captain of 40 strong soldiers during the Macedonian Struggle.

Peace of Busza

The Peace of Busza (Busha, Bose) also known as the Treaty of Jaruga was negotiated by Stanisław Żółkiewski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Iskender Pasha of the Ottoman Empire in Busza (Bose) near the Jaruga and Dniester rivers on September 23, 1617.

Pursuit to Haritan

Anti–British and anti–Armenian demonstrations led Allenby to order Chauvel to occupy the towns of Marash, Urfa, Killis and Aintab and dismiss the Ottoman commander of the Sixth Army, Ali Ihsan.

Raymond Eddé

Eddé was born in Alexandria, Egypt, where his father, a native of the town of Edde in the Jbeil District and an opponent of Ottoman control of Lebanon, had taken refuge after being sentenced to death for subversion.

Thymios Vlachavas

In the 19th century, he achieved a prominent position among the other klepht leaders, and led the fight against Ali Pasha, the powerful and semi-independent Ottoman governor of Yanina.

Tirana historical places

Modern Tirana was founded as an Ottoman town in 1614 by Sulejman Bargjini, a local ruler from Mullet, although the area has been continuously inhabited since antiquity.

War of the Quadruple Alliance

Finally, on 21 July 1718, the Treaty of Passarowitz ended the war with the Ottoman Empire and on 2 August, this led to the formation of the Quadruple Alliance, with the Emperor now joining the Triple Alliance.

Yıldırım, Bursa

It has 66 quarters and a village called Cumalıkızık, where it is possible to examine the characteristics of Ottoman architecture.