Lieutenant Cushing employed a spar torpedo designed by John Lay.
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Spar torpedoes were also massively used by the Russian forces under vice-admiral Stepan Makarov during the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878.
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C. Singer was an American engineer (and the nephew of Isaac Singer, inventor of the sewing machine) who worked on secret projects for the benefit of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War and who invented the spar torpedo.