Empress Dowager Ci'an (1837–1881), also known as Empress Zhen (貞皇后), married to Xianfeng Emperor of Qing Dynasty
Xianfeng Emperor (1831-1861), born Yizhu, of the Qing Dynasty, who served between 1850 and 1861
Xianfeng Emperor (1831 – 1861), Emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty
On 21 September, at the Battle of Palikao, Sengge Rinchen's 10,000 troops, including élite Mongolian cavalry, were completely annihilated after several doomed frontal charges against the concentrated firepower of the Anglo-French forces, which entered Beijing on 6 October.
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This was not at a very good time for China, since Britain and France had just invaded Beijing in the Second Opium War and the Xianfeng Emperor was still exiled in Chengde.
Mujangga's conciliatory policies created tensions with the allegedly more xenophobic heir apparent, and following his accession to the throne as the Xianfeng emperor, Mujangga was dismissed from all his positions in 1851.
In 1860, during the Second Opium War, as the allied armies of Britain and France closed in on Beijing, the Xianfeng Emperor flees and orders Prince Gong to stay behind for the peace negotiations.
As foreign troops invaded Beijing during the Second Opium War and the Xianfeng emperor fled to Chengde, Wenxiang remained in the capital and took part in negotiating with the British and French.
The ascension of the Xianfeng Emperor in 1850 and the subsequent ousting of the Mujangga faction from the government would reversed fortunes of Xu Jiyu.