The original experiment used mice who were injected with increasing doses of morphine, assayed with naloxone and then underwent haplotypic analysis to isolate a gene candidate.
Further phylogenic study of mtDNA haplotypes by scientists at Utah Valley State College has determined that this animal is a valid subspecies and not merely a population variant of the Turks and Caicos Iguana.
It is most common in patients of northern European ancestry, and is associated with the HLA-DQ2 haplotype along with celiac disease and gluten sensitivity.
The study, published in 2007, found a regulatory sequence (not in the coding sequence) next to the gene IGF1; together the gene and regulatory sequence together are known as a haplotype that "is a major contributor to body size in all small dogs."
The Turkish G2b haplotype, and 5 of 6 other almost certain G2b Armenian haplotypes have ancestors from a small region in Kars Province of Turkey near the Medieval capitals of Armenia.
The DR15-DQ6 haplotype may afford some greater protection against the progression of HIV.
The DR3-DQ2 haplotype is notable because of the very strong linkage between genes that extends into the HLA-A, -B and -C regions of the HLA gene complex in northern and northwestern Europe.
Microfluidic whole genome haplotyping is a technique for the physical separation of individual chromosomes from a metaphase cell followed by direct resolution of the haplotype for each allele.
demonstrated that this Sicilian taxon has a distinct mitochondrial haplotype differing in this respect from all other circum-Mediterranean green toad species.
His most recent work, first published in the 2005 issue of Science, involves the ethnic group-specific role of CCR5 haplotype and CCL3L1 gene copy number on the progression of HIV to AIDS.
Three specimens produced the same haplotype, matching the previously published haplotype for the calliphorid fly species Cynomya cadaverina and therefore being identified as such.
One study showed weak linkage to the Xq28 region, whereas a second in 1999 studying Canadian material consisting of 52 pairs of gay brothers found no statistically significant linkage in alleles and haplotypes and concluded against an X-linked male homosexuality gene.