In the 1970s, Turkey's image was damaged by political violence between supporters of the left and the right, separatist movements and the rise of Islamism.
In addition, a wide range of electives, including courses on technology, religion and politics (including, recently, political Islam), the Supreme Court and African-American political thought, are available to allow students to pursue more specialized interests relevant to the general concerns of the field.
Zadran was considered a powerful leader in the Haqqani Network, the Islamist militant group that has been the largest killer of American soldiers in Afghanistan.
Tablighi Jamaat and the Dewsbury Markaz has been accused of promoting extremist Islamism and having links with Islamic terrorism in Britain; Mohammad Sidique Khan and Shehzad Tanweer, two of the 7 July 2005 London bombers, are reported to have attended prayers at the mosque.
In 2001, the then-party leader Mohamed al Mouadda was charged with having formed a pact with the banned Islamist group Ennahda.
In 1979, Turkey withdrew from the Eurovision Song Contest because other islamic countries had pressurized Turkey to withdraw (the contest was held in Jerusalem, not recognized as capital of Israel by islamic countries.
Heck also provided testimony on parallels between Nazism and Islam and was featured in the documentary Obsession: Radical Islam's War Against the West.
He was a political moderate who wanted the three main political groups, Ottomanist, pan-Islamic, and Egyptian and Arab nationalist, to exist in cooperation.
Considerable rigour is given to explanations of the rise of Arab nationalism, Salafism, Ba'athism and Islamism, although, as Ruthven notes in his afterword, much of the rise of the latter ideology took place after the book was published.
Historians such as Ira Lapidus have concluded that since the 1970s, the Islamic world has witnessed a phenomenon called "Islamic revival" similar to a Christian revival—often associated with Islamic fundamentalism, Islamism and other forms of re-Islamization.
On 11 July 2010, Kampala, Uganda was attacked by suicide bombers from Al-Shabaab, a Somali Islamist militia, killing 74 and injuring 70.
Dr Magnus Ranstorp, born March 13, 1965 in Hästveda is a Swedish scholar who has made thorough studies about Hizballah, Hamas, al-Qaeda and other militant Islamic movements.
Since 2001, his main field of research and writing have been anti-Semitism in current Islamic thinking, Islamism, Islamism and National Socialism, Iran, German and Western policies towards the Middle East and Iran.
Some middle-east scholars like Michael Scott Doran and Peter Bergen have argued that 9/11 was a strategic way to provoke America into a war that incites a pan-Islamist revolution.
Following the end of the First Chechen War, Udugov unsuccessfully ran for the post of President of Ichkeria in the January 1997 election, but got less than 1% percent of the votes (in his election campaign he was representing an unpopular radical Islamist platform).
While at university, he became an active member of the Islamist Muslim Youth movement.
Gerard Henderson said that the case "highlights an emerging division within democracies" between civil liberties advocates on the one hand and "a democracy defence lobby, which maintains that radical Islamism poses a real and present danger to Western nations" on the other.
As early as the 1920s and 1930s the Communist Party Congress discussed solutions to dealing with the "pan-movements"—including pan-Islamism, pan-Turkism, and pan-Arabism.