Some regional variants in Kerala replace the potato with tapioca (Tapioca Bonda) or sweet potato and some onion, hard boiled egg (Mutta Bonda), masala, minced meat and other ingredients.
The main ingredients in Dubble Bubble gum are Sugar, Dextrose, Corn Syrup, Gum Base, Tapioca Dextrin, Titanium Dioxide, Confectioner's Glaze, Carnauba Wax, Corn Starch, Artificial Flavors, Artificial Colors, (FD&C Red 40, Blue 1, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Red 3), BHT (to maintain freshness), Milk and Soy.
During fermentation, selected bacteria (coryneform bacteria) cultured with ammonia and carbohydrates from sugar beets, sugar cane, tapioca or molasses, excrete amino acids into the culture broth from where L-glutamate is isolated.
At the time, Oei took over the firm, Kian Gwan's main activity was trade, especially trade in rubber, kapok, gambir, tapioca and coffee.
Half Man Half Biscuit pondered his later years in the song 'I Left My Heart In Papworth General' -- Precious McKenzie, boy I remember you well... with a gob full of tapioca I would sit and I'd watch you excel, those legendary rivulets would trickle on down to your chin, but I always wondered what you did when you packed it all in...
At Tapiocapolis, the Captain and the Professor are received warmly by Colonel Alvarez, aide-de-camp to General Tapioca and are accommodated in a luxury apartment, which is bugged (though the duo don't realise it immediately).