The North African elephant (L. a. pharaohensis), also known as the Carthaginian elephant or Atlas elephant, was the animal famously used as a war elephant by Carthage in its long struggle against Rome.
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There are two distinct species of African elephant: African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) and the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana).
The North African elephant (Loxodonta africana pharaoensis) was a possible subspecies of the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), or possibly a separate elephant species, that existed in North Africa until becoming extinct in Ancient Roman times.
(The usual Carthaginian war elephants, despite popular depictions, were the smaller North African elephants Loxodonta africana pharaoensis, an African bush elephant population or subspecies also now extinct.)