In 1893 a paper was written and circulated to Bible Students in Pittsburgh by associates Otto van Zech, Elmer Bryan, J.B. Adamson, S.G. Rogers, Paul Koetitz, and others.
The IBSA was founded in 1914 as a corporation of the Bible Students by Charles Taze Russell in London, England, and was the first legal corporation representing Russell's ministry in Europe.
The symbol was also featured in the early publications and memorabilia of the Bible Students.
The British "Reverend" James Booth and his African associate Elliott Kamwana, both black, used Watch Tower publications but did not limit their preaching to the Bible Students message of Charles Taze Russell (it does not seem that Russell understood this at the time).
The content within the revised edition depends upon the teachings of the Jehovah’s Witnesses (called "Bible Students" before 1931); the Appendix quotes passages from their published works: Scenario of the The Photo-Drama of Creation, The Harp of God, Studies in the Scriptures Voll.
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Members' homes were frequently searched by police for incriminating literature and on April 24 the International Bible Students Association (IBSA) headquarters in Magdeburg was briefly occupied by police.