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94 unusual facts about Connecticut


1st Connecticut Cavalry Regiment

The 1st Connecticut Cavalry was organized at West Meriden, Connecticut on November 2, 1861, initially as the 1st Battalion Connecticut Cavalry under the command of Major Judson M. Lyon.

1st Connecticut Infantry Regiment

The 1st Connecticut Infantry was organized at New Haven, Connecticut and mustered in for three-months service on April 22, 1861 under the command of Colonel Daniel Tyler.

2011 Connecticut Huskies football team

The team discussed playing the game at the Yale Bowl in New Haven if the field did not become available in time, but on Wednesday, August 31, the team announced the game would be played in East Hartford on Saturday at noon.

454 Life Sciences

454 Life Sciences, is a biotechnology company based in Branford, Connecticut.

Ah, Wilderness!

The play takes place on the Fourth of July, 1906, and focuses on the Miller family, presumably of New London, Connecticut.

Armand Louis de Gontaut

Lauzun's Legion left their winter quarters in Lebanon, Connecticut on 9 June 1781 and marched south through Connecticut known as the Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route.

Ayton Castle

Mention must be made of the visit to the castle in 1873 by Mark Twain who insisted upon buying the Dining Room fireplace, which is now in the Mark Twain Museum, Hartford, Connecticut.

Berkshire String Quartet

The quartet continued to maintain its summer residence at Music Mountain, a hilltop near Falls Village, Connecticut, where, in 1930, Gordon had founded a Chamber Music Festival named after the hilltop.

Betsy Mix Cowles

She was born in Bristol, Connecticut, the eighth child of Giles Hooker Cowles and Sally White Cowles.

Bikini Bloodbath

Shot on locations across Connecticut in 2005, Bikini Bloodbath was planned as the first in an ongoing horror/comedy series.

Bristow Middle School

Bristow Middle School is a middle school in West Hartford, Connecticut.

Cape Cod Expressway

Coming out of New York City, the route would have followed Interstate 95 along the modern New England Thruway until the Connecticut border, where it would meet up with what later became the Connecticut Turnpike.

Charles Edward Clark

Clark served on the Second Circuit until his death in 1963, in Hamden, Connecticut.

Charles Ethan Porter

He left Hartford for Rockville in 1889, where he briefly had a studio in the Fitch Block, and later at the remains of a tower on Fox Hill, which a family member owned.

Charles R. Jackson

He and his wife had to sell their New Hampshire home and eventually moved to Sandy Hook, Connecticut.

Connecticut Yankee Council

Connecticut Yankee Council presently operates five camps: Camp Sequassen in New Hartford, Deer Lake Scout Reservation in Killingworth, Hoyt Scout Reservation in Redding, Camp Pomperaug in Union, and Wah Wah Taysee in North Haven.

Connecticut's 135th assembly district

Before 2002, the district contained the towns of Easton, Redding and parts of Newtown and Weston; boundary changes which took effect for the 2002 election removed Newtown and part of Redding from the district and added the remaining portion of Weston.

Connecticut's 1st assembly district

The district consists of the southeastern part of the town of Bloomfield and northwestern Hartford, including the neighborhoods of Blue Hills and West End.

Connecticut's 44th assembly district

The district's boundaries were radically changed in 2001: prior to the boundary change, the district contained the entire towns of Canterbury and Plainfield, part of Killingly and did not include Sterling at all.

Connecticut's 4th congressional district election, 2008

Shays grew up in Darien, Connecticut, attended Principia College in Elsah, Illinois, and received an MBA and MPA from New York University.

Cornelius Wendell Wickersham

Cornelius Wendell Wickersham was born on June 25, 1885 in Greenwich, Connecticut as a son of George W. Wickersham, an American lawyer and future United States Attorney General.

D. Putnam Brinley

In 1914 the Brinleys built a home, Datchet House, in Silvermine (New Canaan) Connecticut, designed by their friend Austin W. Lord, and spent part of each year there for the remainder of their lives.

Devin Gaines

On July 10, 2007, Gaines accidentally drowned in Deep River, Connecticut, in Blakeslee Pond, a gravel pit quarry on private property, while swimming with friends.

Dominic J. Squatrito

He was in private practice of law in Manchester, Connecticut from 1966 to 1994, and was a counsel to the Town of Manchester Housing Authority from 1972 to 1979, and to the Connecticut State Legislature Judiciary Committee from 1974 to 1975.

Dorence Atwater

He was born and raised in Terryville, Connecticut, the third child of Henry Atwater and Catherine Fenn Atwater.

East Washington Avenue Bridge

The East Washington Avenue Bridge was a movable Strauss underneath-counter weight deck-girder bascule bridge in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

Edward P. Weed

Edward P. Weed (April 7, 1834 – April 18, 1880) was Warden of the Borough of Norwalk, Connecticut from 1867 to 1868, and in 1874 until his resignation.

Effingham Capron

Effingham Lawrence Capron, was born Mar. 29, 1791 at Pomfret, Windham County, Connecticut, USA, the son of the Capron mill's founder, John Capron, Sr., who moved to Uxbridge, Massachusetts, from Northeastern Connecticut, around the time of Effingham’s birth.

Emeka Okafor

On February 5, 2007 he was inducted to the Husky Ring Of Honor at Gampel Pavilion on the University of Connecticut campus in Storrs during halftime of the men's basketball game against the Syracuse Orange as part of a ceremony which recognized personal accomplishments of 13 former players and 3 coaches.

Emily Berquist

She grew up in Stratford, Connecticut, in a 1753 Gambrel colonial house that her parents restored by hand.

Ethel Dench Puffer Howes

The couple moved to Connecticut to live with their son, Benjamin Howes, in the 1940s, and in 1950, at the age of 78, Ethel Puffer Howes died.

Everything Moves Alone

The film premiered at the Hartford, Connecticut art house theater Cinestudio in the spring of 2001 and went on to play in the New York Independent International Film & Video Festival.

First selectman

In towns such as Beacon Falls, Bethany, Orange, and Simsbury, the losing first selectman candidate can earn a seat on the board of selectmen, depending on the number of votes he or she garners.

GE 80-ton switcher

The Valley Railroad in Essex, Connecticut owns a pair of 80-tonners, 0900 and 0901, for use on the Essex Clipper Dinner Train.

Hall of Fame Tip Off

Eight games are played on the campus' of the teams in the Naismith division before the tournament takes place at the Mohegan Sun Arena in Uncasville, Connecticut.

Halle Tanner Dillon Johnson

They later moved from Hartford, Connecticut to Atlanta, Georgia, and then to Princeton, New Jersey, as Reverend Johnson pursued undergraduate and graduate degrees in theology.

Howes Brothers

They took pictures across New England, particularly in Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island.

Humboldt, Kansas

Germans migrating from Hartford, Connecticut, began organizing a colony during the winter of 1856–57.

Hummelstown Brownstone Company

Although not as large as the vast brownstone quarries at Portland, Connecticut, the Hummelstown operation was their equal in every respect and a viable competitor of most other brownstone quarries including those at Medina and Moscow, New York.

Interstate 91

I-91 runs through Windsor, Windsor Locks, East Windsor and Enfield (with several exits in each town) before crossing into Massachusetts at milepost 58.

Jacob Jones

He spent time in Decatur's squadron, which was bottled up at New London during 1814.

James Kip Finch

He was involved in the establishment of Camp Columbia, a summer engineering camp held near Litchfield, Connecticut, under the aegis of Columbia University.

Janet Taylor Lisle

Lisle was born in New Jersey, but she grew up in rural Farmington, Connecticut and spent her summers in Rhode Island.

Jasper McLevy

Jasper McLevy (March 27, 1878—November 20, 1962) was an American politician who served as mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut from 1933-1957.

Jeremy Powers

Jeremy Powers (born June 29, 1983 in Niantic, Connecticut) is an American professional racing cyclist who has found success in cyclo-cross and road bicycle racing.

John Adam Hugo

John Adam Hugo (1873–1945) was an American composer, born in Connecticut.

Katharine Krom Merritt

Katharine Krom Merritt (Stamford, Connecticut, 9 January 1886 – Stamford, Connecticut, 5 August 1986) was an American physician specializing in pediatrics.

Kellogg Brothers

The Kellogg Brothers were a family of lithographers and printmakers who flourished in Hartford, Connecticut from about 1830 to the end of the 19th Century.

Leonard P. Moore

He assumed senior status on March 1, 1971, serving in that capacity until his death, in Mystic, Connecticut.

Lester H. Clee

Clee was born in 1888 in Thompsonville, Connecticut to Frederick and Margaret (Kelley) Clee.

Libertarian Party of Connecticut

The towns of East Windsor and Preston also inadvertently failed to report any votes for a combined 14 Working Families and Independent Party candidates.

Louis T. Stone

Louis Timothy Stone (1875-13 March 1933), also known as Lou Stone, was an American journalist who fabricated stories about the flora and fauna surrounding his town of Winsted, Connecticut, thus earning himself the name of the Winsted Liar.

Luther Creek

Born in Stamford, Connecticut, Creek is the son of J. Fred Creek, a realtor from New Mexico, and his wife Patricia, originally of Indianapolis.

Mahican

Wawyachtonoc (Wawayachtonoc - ″eddy people″ or ″people of the curving channel″, lived in Dutchess County and Columbia County eastward to the Housatonic River in Litchfield County, Connecticut, main village was Weantinock, additional villages: Shecomeco, Wechquadnach, Pamperaug, Bantam, Weataug, Scaticook)

Marissa Perry

Perry appeared in earlier regional theatre productions, including the world premiere of Princesses at the Goodspeed Opera House in East Haddam, Connecticut as well as at the 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle, Washington and Wild Mushrooms at the Seven Angels Theatre in Waterbury, Connecticut.

Mark Edward Freitas Ice Forum

Mark Edward Freitas Ice Forum is a 2,000-seat hockey rink in Storrs, Connecticut.

Mary Silliman

Together, they lived in a house on Elm Street in New Haven and had five children: Rebecca in 1759 (died four days after birth), Joseph (called Jose) in 1761, John in 1762, James in 1764, and Mary in 1766 (died in 1770).

Mary Fish Noyes Silliman (1736-1818) was a matriarch in Revolutionary and post-colonial Connecticut, USA, whose moral authority and determined spirit helped her family weather the hardships of war, illness, and debt.

Matt Nickerson

Matt Nickerson (born January 11, 1985, in Old Lyme, Connecticut, U.S.) is a professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing with Fife Flyers, the 6'4" Connecticut last season in Finland with KooKoo.

Max Kadesky

Max R. Kadesky (February 8, 1901 in Winsted, Connecticut – August 14, 1970) was an All-American college football player for the University of Iowa.

Molly Pearson

Molly Pearson Hales died in Sandy Hook, Connecticut in 1959, (see Molly Pearson at IMDb.com) following an extended illness.

Morton Dean Joyce

The Morton Dean Joyce Collection of United States Revenue Stamps was sold at the Daniel F. Kelleher Company auction June 4 to 6, 1991 and by the auction house of Andrew Levitt, in Danbury, Connecticut, in six sessions from September 12 to 14.

Ned Lyons

A burglar, he learned his trade in the property market around South Windham, Connecticut.

New England Interstate Route 10

New England Route 10 was a multi-state north–south state highway in the New England region of the United States, running through Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire.

"Route 10" still exists as a continuous state highway in each of its original states, running from New Haven, Connecticut to Woodsville, New Hampshire.

New England Interstate Route 32

Route 32 is a multi-state north–south state highway in the New England region of the United States, running from New London, Connecticut through Massachusetts to Keene, New Hampshire.

New Haven Line

A station planned for Georgetown on the Danbury Branch has been temporarily shelved.

Northern slimy salamander

The northern slimy salamander, Plethodon glutinosus, is a species of terrestrial plethodontid salamander found through much of the eastern two-thirds of the United States, from New York, west to Illinois, south to Texas, and east to Florida, with isolated populations in southern New Hampshire and northwestern Connecticut.

Olympia Brown

She went on to pastor in churches at Marshfield and Montpelier, Vermont; Weymouth, Massachusetts; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Racine, Wisconsin.

Otozoum

Excellent Otozoum specimens from the Portland Quarry may be seen in the Dinosaur State Park and Arboretum in Rocky Hill, Connecticut.

Paintings attributed to Caravaggio

The painting is ascribed to an artist known as the Painter of the Wadsworth Atheneum Still-Life, after a work in the Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut.

Ramnapping Trophy

The Ramnapping Trophy is on display to the public as part of the J. Robert Donnelly Husky Heritage Sports Museum on the UConn Main Campus in Storrs, Connecticut.

Reuben Gaylord

Born in Norfolk, Litchfield County, Connecticut, Reuben Curtis Gaylord was one of eight children of Reuben Gaylord and Mary Curtis who were of Congregational heritage.

Richard A. Appelbaum

His assignments included serving as Executive Officer of the USCGC Papaw (WLB-308) in Charleston, South Carolina, the USCGC Eagle (WIX-327) in New London, Connecticut and the USCGC Westwind (WAGB-281) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin before commanding the USCGC Vigorous (WMEC-627) in New London, Connecticut.

Rockville, Rhode Island

Rockville is located near the borders of the towns of Exeter, Rhode Island and Voluntown, Connecticut.

Sacha Sosno

Then in the year following he had his first one-man show in the United States at the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art in Ridgefield, Connecticut.

Sally Caldwell Fisher

Her painting "Maine Regatta" has been chosen to be the poster for 2007 Wooden Boat Show in Mystic, Connecticut.

Sandisfield, Massachusetts

Sandisfield lies at the southeast corner of Berkshire County along the Connecticut border, with Hampden County to the east and Litchfield County, Connecticut, to the south.

South Norwalk Railroad Bridge

The South Norwalk Railroad Bridge is an 1895 bridge in Norwalk, Connecticut.

The Independent Day School

The Independent Day School is a private school located in Middlefield, Connecticut offering instruction to students from pre-school through the eighth grade.

The Melancholy Fantastic

The film features a life-size talking muslin doll named Mor and was filmed in Wallingford, Connecticut and Monroe, Connecticut.

Thomas Hudson Connell

Mr. Connell was the 1978 Republican Candidate for Connecticut's 2nd congressional district, losing the election to Christopher Dodd who went on to become a United States Senator and Presidential Contender.

Tish Rabe

Tish Rabe is a children's book author who lives in New York City, New York and Mystic, Connecticut.

Too Young to Marry

In Connecticut, Max and Jessica are a high school couple and very much in love after meeting as freshmen.

Tracy Barnes

Tracy was born in Manhasset, Long Island, New York to parents Courtland Dixon Barnes (June 13, 1881 in Stonington, Connecticut - ?) and Katherine Lansing Barney (February 6, 1885 in New York City - ?), siblings were

Two Rivers Magnet Middle School

Two Rivers admits 44 students, randomly chosen, from each of the five towns it serves: Glastonbury, East Hartford, Manchester, South Windsor, and Hartford.

Tyringham, Massachusetts

In 1750, Adonijah Bidwell, a Yale Divinity School graduate from the Hartford region, became the first minister of Township No. 1.

University of Connecticut School of Engineering

University of Connecticut School of Engineering is a school of engineering located at the UConn's main campus in Storrs, Connecticut.

Wabaquasset

The Wabaquasset were a band of Native Americans who formerly lived west of the Quinebaug River, in what is now Windham County, Connecticut.

William T. R. Fox

Fox and his wife were residents of the Riverside neighborhood of Greenwich, Connecticut for four decades and he was active in the First Congregational Church of Old Greenwich.

William Watson Andrews

He was born at Windham, Windham Co., Conn., graduated in 1831 at Yale, and in 1834 was ordained and installed pastor of the Congregational church at Kent, Conn. He early accepted the tenet of the Catholic Apostolic Church, commonly spoken of as the "Irvingites," and in 1849, having given up his charge at Kent.

Władysław Żytkowicz

He emigrated with his wife, Stanislawa, and daughters Anna, Maria and Kinga, to Hartford, Connecticut.

WXCT

The 990 frequency signed on in 1969 as WNTY, a daytime-only station that targeted Southington and nearby Bristol.

Young Communist League USA

The founding convention of the YCL was held early in May 1922, apparently in Bethel, Connecticut.


1895 in the United States

May 15 – Prescott Bush, United States Senator from Connecticut from 1952 till 1963.

27th Connecticut Infantry Regiment

The 27th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment recruited in New Haven, Connecticut, for service in the American Civil War.

Alfred Phillips

Alfred N. Phillips (1894–1970), U.S. Representative from Connecticut

Buddleja davidii 'Summer Skies'

Buddleja davidii 'Summer Skies' is an American cultivar raised by Mark Brand and William Smith of Storrs, Connecticut, and patented in 2012.

Charter Oak State College

Notable alumni include former professional football player Marvin Jones, Oklahoma State Representative Jason Murphey, Rhode Island State Representative Larry Valencia, and Connecticut television news anchor Al Terzi.

Christmas in Connecticut

In 1992, a remake of Christmas in Connecticut was made, starring Dyan Cannon as Elizabeth, Kris Kristofferson as Jefferson Jones, and Tony Curtis as Mr. Yardley.

Clancy Philbrick

In 2009 Clancy painted a large rock into a pink brain, dubbed The Brain Rock, on the Connecticut shoreline sparking local controversy after an article on the rock was published in The Day and The New York Times.

Columbite

The occurrence of columbite in the United States was made known from a specimen sent by Governor John Winthrop of Connecticut to Hans Sloane, President of the Royal Society of Great Britain.

Committee of Five

On June 11, the members of the Committee of Five were appointed; they were: John Adams of Massachusetts, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Robert Livingston of New York, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, and Thomas Jefferson of Virginia.

Connecticut shade tobacco

The former president of U.S. operations for Davidoff, a Swiss maker of luxury goods including premium Cuban cigars, praised Connecticut shade tobacco as "A nice Connecticut wrapper" and "…very silky, very fine. From a marketing point of view, it is considered at the moment to be one of the best tasting and looking wrappers available" in a Cigar Aficionado article on why the world's best cigars use Connecticut tobacco wrapper leaves.

Connecticut Turnpike

The turnpike was renamed after former Connecticut Governor John Davis Lodge on December 31, 1985, two months after the tolls were removed.

Crystal Rock Holdings

It based in Watertown, Connecticut, that specializes in bottled water, water coolers, coffee, and other hot beverage related products used around the office.

Durham, Connecticut

Phineas Lyman (1716–74) major general in the Connecticut militia during the French and Indian War who later led settlers to a tract of land near Natchez, Mississippi

Ezra Winter

He later taught at the Grand Central School of Art and kept a studio in Falls Village, Connecticut.

Fenella Woolgar

Her early years were spent in New Canaan, Connecticut, USA before the family returned to the UK in 1976.

General Tom Thumb

He also owned a specially adapted home on one of Connecticut's Thimble Islands.

Herbert A. Shepard

In management consulting, Herb's clients included Bell-Northern Research, Syncrude, Esso, TRW, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, Union Carbide, USAID and most of the departments of the federal governments of the U.S.A. and Canada.

Hezekiah L. Hosmer

Hosmer came from a prominent family; his father Titus Hosmer signed the Articles of Confederation for Connecticut, and Hosmer's brother Stephen became the Chief Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

Hosmer

Titus Hosmer (1736-1780), a Continental Congressman from Connecticut and father of Stephen Hosmer

Ives House

Charles Ives House, Danbury, Connecticut, listed on the NRHP in Fairfield County, Connecticut

James E. English

Sadly, in Steven Spielberg's 2012 epic Lincoln movie, both English and Augustus Brandegee, his abolitionist Republican colleague from Connecticut, are given two fictional names and are both shown, erroneously, to have voted against the amendment.

John Drexel

A New England native, John Drexel is a graduate of the University of Connecticut and holds an M.A. in English from the University of Leeds, England, where his thesis advisor was Geoffrey Hill.

Kerrigan

Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health, a Connecticut Supreme Court case concerning same-sex marriage

Litchfield Hills

The area has been and continues to be home to many famous or wealthy residents, including Mia Farrow, Meryl Streep, Dustin Hoffman, Denis Leary, Kevin Bacon, and is also sometimes referred to as the Hamptons of ConnecticutReference Needed.

Lyons Garage

Lyons Garage, Torrington, Connecticut, a contributing building in the Downtown Torrington Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places

Marin Ireland

Ireland trained at the Idyllwild Arts Foundation in Idyllwild, California, and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from The Hartt School, a performing-arts conservatory at the University of Hartford in West Hartford, Connecticut.

Marsh Hall

Marsh Hall (Yale University), a building and U.S. National Historic Landmark at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, also known as the Othniel C. Marsh House.

Michael Barimo

He won the 2002 Sergio Franchi scholarship from National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) and performed at galas in D.C. and Connecticut.

Mini-Tuesday

The Democratic primaries and caucuses were contested between retired General Wesley Clark of Arkansas, former Governor Howard Dean of Vermont, Senator John Edwards of North Carolina, Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts, Congressman Dennis Kucinich of Ohio, Senator Joseph Lieberman of Connecticut, and the Reverend Al Sharpton of New York.

Nancy V. Rawls

Rawls died April 13, 1985 at the Norwalk Hospital, Norwalk, Connecticut, after a long illness.

Peter Lockyer

As a child, he split his time between Toronto and Connecticut, and went to the same high school as actress Gretchen Mol.

Q103

WQQQ, a radio station formerly known as Q103 in Sharon, Connecticut, United States

Ralph Ingersoll

Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll (1789–1872), United States Representative from Connecticut

Richard Raysman

Raysman is admitted to the New York and Connecticut State bars, the Supreme Court of the United States, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and the U.S. District Courts for the Eastern and Southern Districts of New York.

Roger Wolfson

Roger S. Wolfson is an American TV writer and screenwriter from New Haven, Connecticut, and is most notable for writing for the TV series Fairly Legal, Saving Grace, The Closer, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and Century City.

Rosa Tavarez

Tavarez's artworks are shown at museums, art galleries and permanent collections worldwide, including the Museum of Modern Art in Santo Domingo, Casa de Las Americas in Havana, Cuba, The Housatonic Museum of Art in Connecticut, the Gallery of the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington DC, and the Museums of Modern Art in London, Mexico, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Rose O'Neill

Her properties included Bonniebrook; an apartment in Washington Square in Greenwich Village that inspired the song Rose of Washington Square; Castle Carabas in Connecticut; and Villa Narcissus on the Isle of Capri, Italy.

Seal of Connecticut

The meaning of the motto was explained on April 23, 1775 in a letter stamped in Wethersfield, Connecticut: "We fix on our Standards and Drums the Colony arms, with the motto, Qui Transtulit Sustinet, round it in letters of gold, which we construe thus: God, who transplanted us hither, will support us".

Sexual abstinence

The Responsible Education About Life Act was introduced by Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) and Representatives Barbara Lee (D-CA) and Christopher Shays (R-CT) to support age-appropriate sexual education.

The Pist

The Pist was an American hardcore punk band that was formed in Connecticut in the winter of 1992 by Al Ouimet on vocals and bass, Bill Chamberlain on guitar, and Greg Bennick on drums.

Thomas Ball

Thomas R. Ball (1896–1943), U.S. Representative from Connecticut

Titicus River

The Titicus River is an 8.5 mile river in southwestern Connecticut and southeastern New York that drains into the Titicus Reservoir, part of New York City's water supply system.

Tobatí

Each year, a community service trip consisting of approximately 100 students from the Kingswood-Oxford School in West Hartford, Connecticut travel down to Tobatí.

Washington, Louisiana

During the American Civil War, the Thirteenth Connecticut, part of Union General Nathaniel P. Banks's forces, occupied Washington, then larger than the parish seat of Opelousas.

WCDQ

WQUN, a radio station (1220 AM) licensed to serve Hamden, Connecticut, United States, which held the call sign WCDQ from 1968 to 1978

William Brenton Hall

His uncle, Jonathan Law (Harvard 1695), served as Governor (1741–1750) and Chief Justice of Connecticut (1724–1741).