When Julius Caesar first entered this area and took it under Roman control it was inhabited by a group of Belgic Gaulish tribes, the Condrusi, Eburones, Caeraesi, Segni and Paemani, who were referred to collectively as the Germani cisrhenani.
•
The Duke of Brabant won the final Battle of Worringen in 1288, thereby gaining control of the Duchy of Limburg with the consent of King Rudolph I of Germany.
•
Combined with the Landen van Overmaas (the lands beyond the Meuse: Dalhem, Herzogenrath and Valkenburg) and Maastricht, the duchy became one of the Seventeen Provinces held by the Habsburgs within the Burgundian Circle established in 1512.
Limburg | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Duchy of Brabant | Duchy of Saxony | Duchy of Carinthia | Duchy of Burgundy | Duchy of Cornwall | Grand Duchy of Hesse | Limburg an der Lahn | Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | Limburg (Netherlands) | Duchy of Parma | Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | Duchy of Warsaw | Duchy of Prussia | Duchy of Jülich | Lorraine (duchy) | Grand Duchy of Baden | Duchy of Milan | Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | Duchy of Lancaster | Duchy of Holstein | Limburg-Weilburg | Duchy of Savoy | Duchy of Nassau | Duchy of Limburg | Duchy of Württemberg | Duchy of Pomerania | Duchy of Luxembourg | Grand Duchy of Oldenburg |
He thereby became the progenitor of the House of Valois-Burgundy who systematically came into possession of different Imperial fiefs: his grandson Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy from 1419, purchased Namur in 1429, inherited the duchies of Brabant and Limburg from his cousin Philip of Saint-Pol in 1430.
The Northern part around Eupen was originally part of the Duchy of Limburg, a dependency of the Duchy of Brabant, and was latterly owned by the Austrian Habsburgs, as part of the Austrian Netherlands.
By proposing the election of Leopold of Saxe-Coburg as King of the Belgians he secured a benevolent attitude on the part of the United Kingdom, but the restoration to the Netherlands of part of the duchies of Limburg and Luxembourg provoked a heated opposition to the 1839 Treaty of London, and Lebeau was accused of treachery to Belgian interests.
Beside their home County of Luxembourg itself, the dynasty held further non-contiguous Imperial fiefs in the Low Countries, such as the duchies of Brabant and Limburg, acquired through marriage by Charles' younger half-brother Wenceslaus of Luxembourg in 1355 as well as the Margraviate of Brandenburg purchased in 1373.
In the Middle Ages, the ruling family came to have the rank of duke and so the town was the seat of the Duchy of Limburg, which was a part of the Lower Lorraine region of the Holy Roman Empire.
The former predominantly Dutch speaking duchies of Guelders and Limburg lay in the heart of this linguistic landscape, but eastward the former duchies of Cleves (entirely), Jülich, and Berg partially, also fit in.
In 1357, by marrying the future Countess Margaret III of Flanders, then heiress of Flanders, he was promised the counties of Flanders, Nevers, Rethel, and Antwerp, and the duchies of Brabant, and Limburg.