Fossil remains of dwarf elephants have been found on the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus, Malta (at Ghar Dalam), Crete (in Nomos Chanion at Vamos, Stylos and in a now under water cave on the coast), Sicily, Sardinia, the Cyclades Islands and the Dodecanese Islands.
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Mediterranean dwarf elephants have generally been considered as members of the genus paleoloxodontine, derived from the continental straight-tusked elephant, Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus Falconer & Cautley, 1847.
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Ioannis Theologos, the fossilized remains of a Cretan dwarf elephant Palaeoloxodon chaniensis can be seen.