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2 unusual facts about Fact–value distinction


Fact–value distinction

Other thinkers reject an absolutist fact-value distinction by contending that our senses are impregnated with prior conceptualizations, making it impossible to have any observation that is totally value-free, which is how Hume and the later positivists conceived of facts.

Positive statements make the implicit claim to facts (e.g., water molecules are made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom), whereas normative statements make a claim based on values or norms (e.g., water ought to be protected from pollution).


Allan Jackson

Jackson was handed a slip of paper reading "JFK DEAD" and immediately went on air with the announcement, reporting Kennedy's death as a fact (which had not yet been confirmed, although it was true that Kennedy was already dead), and playing the U.S. national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner.

Anna Lapushchenkova

Her run of summer successes having improved her ranking sufficiently to afford her direct entry to a WTA Tour main draw for the first time, despite the fact that she had never succeeded in qualifying for one in five attempts, the young Russian came up against an inspired Nathalie Viérin in the first round of the Tier IV event at Portorož, Slovenia, and could only take one game from her in suffering a fairly comprehensive drubbing at her hands.

António José de Ávila, 1st Duke of Ávila and Bolama

After another eight years, on 14 May 1878, King Luis raised him still higher to Duque de Ávila e Bolama (Duke of Ávila and Bolama), thus making him the first non-noble-born individual so honored, especially in view of the fact that the title of Duke was, traditionally, granted in Portugal solely to members of high nobility and relatives of the Portuguese Royal Family.

As It Is in Heaven

Gabriella (Helen Sjöholm), is beaten and abused by her husband, Connie (Per Morberg), a fact that is known and ignored by the whole village.

Ballyragget

The very first Journal of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society "Old Kilkenny Review, Number 1 (1946–1947). January 1948" has an article about Ballyragget and its environs and states the belief that Domhnach Mór means Big Sunday and relates to the fact that thousands of people congregated at the now ruined church in Donoughmore for its opening on a Sunday and the name stuck.

Berehove Raion

The station Batyovo, in fact, is situated at the intersection connecting such important cities of the region as Chop, Mukacheve, and Berehove.

Bohumil Hrabal

He affected the use of long sentences; in fact his works Dancing Lessons for the Advanced in Age (Taneční hodiny pro starší a pokročilé) (1964) and Vita Nuova (1987) consist of one single sentence.

Cañete, Cuenca

It is the birthplace of Álvaro de Luna and the origin of Sephardi Jew family Canetti (the most famous member of which is Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Elias Canetti) —in fact, Canetti is a bastardisation of Cañete—.

Caponiidae

Three genera newly described by Norman I. Platnick in 1994 were thus named Notnops, Taintnops and Tisentnops, emphasizing this fact.

Champion Racing

In fact, this livery was used on all Champion Racing entered cars, except for the special Stars & Stripes variation, using the blue and read colors of the American flag only, as tribute to the victims of the September 11 attacks.

Clement of Ireland

Though St. Clement is no longer claimed as founder of the University of Paris, the fact remains that this remarkable Scots-Irish scholar planted the seeds of learning at Paris.

Daniel in the lions' den

David Syme Russell notes a number of parallels between the two chapters, including the trials suffered, the jealousy of conspirators, rescue by an angel, accusers meeting the same fate they had intended for the protagonists, and the fact that the king praises God and issues a royal decree protecting Jewish worship.

DFFITS

DFFITS is very similar to the externally Studentized residual, and is in fact equal to the latter times \sqrt{h {ii}/(1-h {ii})}.

École Nationale des Sciences Appliquées d'Oujda

In fact, the National School of Applied Sciences Oujda place in a region that encourages ambitious investment and today has known major projects such as the "Technopole" of Oujda, the thermal power plant of Ain Bni Mathar and tourism in Saïdia, projects that graduates of this great school surely participate.

Edgar Christian

He attended prep school at the Grange School, Shorncliffe Road, Folkestone and hoped to follow his brother Charles to Marlborough College; in the end he went on to Dover College which was more local, despite the fact the family moved in 1919 to Bron Dirion in North Wales.

Edina Mill

This was a direct result of the fact that prior to these mills, farmers had to haul their grain in horse-drawn wagons over long distances to the mills at Saint Anthony Falls along the Mississippi River.

Everlasting Night

It was released as a single in the first quarter of 1999 in Australia and reached number 42 on the singles chart, largely helped by the fact that the song was the official theme of the 1999 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.

Great Zimbabwe

Tudor Parfitt described Gayre's work as intended to "show that black people had never been capable of building in stone or of governing themselves", although he adds: "The fact that Gayre... got most of his facts wrong, does not in itself vitiate the claims of the Lemba to have been involved in the Great Zimbabwe civilisation."

Horten Ho 229

In early 2008, Northrop-Grumman paired up television documentary producer Michael Jorgensen, and the National Geographic Channel to produce a documentary to determine whether the Ho 229 was, in fact, the world's first true "stealth" fighter-bomber.

Inspiration Peak

In fact both biomes are present on the hill; its foot is covered with a predominantly oak forest, while its open upper reaches have prairie species such as pasqueflower, blazing star, asters, and goldenrod.

Javad Khan

And the other thing that when we get under the rule of the Russian king, the Iranian king were to Khorasan and we could not reach him, and due to that fact the king of Russia is also great, we accepted his obedience, but now, thanks to god, the Iranian king is near and his servant general has come to us and also his army, and more of them will come to help us.

Jephthah

The 18th-century French philosopher Voltaire noted the similarities between Jepththa and the Greek mythological general, Idomeneus, speculating whether one story had in fact imitated the other.

Johannes Linßen

On 23 January 1971, while playing for MSV Duisburg against Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, Linßen received the first ever yellow card to be awarded in the Bundesliga, although the card should in fact have been awarded to his teammate Đorđe Pavlić, the referee having confused the two players.

Khieu Samphan

The historian Ben Kiernan stated that Samphan's protestations (such as the fact that he regarded the collectivisation of agriculture as a "surprise", and his expressions of sympathy for his "friend" Hu Nim, a fellow member of the CPK hierarchy tortured and killed at Tuol Sleng) betrayed the fundamental "moral cowardice" of a man mesmerised by power but lacking any nerve.

Kiveton Park Rural District

This refers to the fact that The Earl of Danby was one of the "immortal seven" who signed the Invitation to William at the Cock and Pynot Inn in 1688.

Leonard Chang

Chang's experiments in crime fiction is related to this shift, since the stories revolve around solving a mystery or crime, and despite the fact that the protagonist is Korean American, the debt here is more to crime and noir writers like Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, and Ross Macdonald.

Lindsey Vuolo

The fact that she attended synagogue while she was active with Playboy led to a fair amount of media attention, including an interview with columnist Shmuley Boteach, who criticized Vuolo for her pictorial, and argued that she was exploited by Playboy, and that it and pornography in general dehumanizes women, and could lead to things like rape and spousal violence.

Lujiazui

The importance of Lujiazui stems from the fact that it lies directly across the river from the Bund, the old financial and business district of Shanghai, and just south of the confluence of the Suzhou Creek with the Huangpu River.

Lyndel Soon

She was asked to fill in the state level position as a favor, due to a fact that a delegate of (Kedah state, Malaysia) had quit 2 weeks before the Miss Malaysia Tourism pageant.

Megalosauridae

Because of this traditionally polyphyletic use, some scientists, such as Paul Sereno, reject the family name Megalosauridae in favor of Torvosauridae (coined by Jensen in 1985), despite the fact that Megalosauridae has priority under the ICZN rules governing family-level names in zoology.

Michael Hughes-Young, 1st Baron St Helens

At the 1964 general election, Hughes-Young faced another challenge from Labour, who had selected Dr David Kerr; in his election address he pointed to the fact that Labour had opposed the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 and asked how the local housing situation would cope without restrictions on immigration.

No. 11 Squadron RAF

In April 1924, these were replaced by the Fairey Fawn despite the fact that they offered little improvement in performance over the DH.9A, moving with them to RAF Netheravon in May that year.

Plea bargaining in the United States

In fact, Justice Hugo Black once noted that, in America, the defendant “has an absolute, unqualified right to compel the State to investigate its own case, find its own witnesses, prove its own facts, and convince the jury through its own resources. Throughout the process, the defendant has a fundamental right to remain silent, in effect challenging the State at every point to ‘Prove it!’” By limiting the powers of the police and prosecutors, the Bill of Rights safeguards freedom.

Proto-Indo-Europeans

Another counter-argument is the fact that ancient Anatolia is known to have been inhabited by non-Indo-European people, namely the Hattians, Khalib/Karub, and Khaldi/Kardi; though this does not preclude the possibility that the earliest Indo-European speakers may have been there too.

Ritch Workman

Workman was born in Belleville, Ontario, in 1973, and in 1980, his family moved from Canada to the state of Florida, despite never having been there before, due to the fact that Pierre Trudeau and the Liberal Party of Canada were successful in the 1980 federal election, and his father did not want to live in a socialist country.

Royal Astronomy

The album's title is a reference to an essay by Kurt Vonnegut (collected in Fates Worse Than Death) in which Vonnegut compares commentators on the intellectual and moral decline of society to the Royal Astronomer in The White Deer by James Thurber, who believes that the stars in the night sky are going out one by one, but in fact this is because he is slowly going blind.

San Jose Frogs

Jacob Wilson was the top scorer of the very impressive opening campaign; testament to this was the fact that, in the 2008 MLS SuperDraft, seven Frogs were drafted by Major League Soccer, including Brandon McDonald and Luke Sassano.

Scott Gummer

But after 18 months spent toiling in the traffic department at the Foote Cone & Belding ad agency, Gummer switched to magazine editorial, starting out as a fact-checker at GQ and later moving to LIFE, where he would write and produce photo essays with photographers including Harry Benson, Galen Rowell, Robb Kendrick, Bob Sacha, Theo Westenberger, Co Rentmeester, Taro Yamasaki, and others.

Sucker pole

Bicycle theft is fed mainly from the fact that it generates about $350 million annually and that the risk to criminals is relatively low even compared with stealing an IPhone, a television, or a car in cities such as San Francisco and Chicago which are considered "bike friendly" cities.

Tecalitlán

Tecalitlán is at the heart of the region where mariachi music was developed, and in fact the most famous exponent of that genre, Vargas de Tecalitlán, was founded there in the 1890s (though now resident in Mexico City).

Terry Harknett

Some bibliographies list Adam Hardy as one of Harknett's pseudonyms, in fact a nom de plume of Kenneth Bulmer.

The Gospel of Wealth

Even bequeathing one's fortune to charity was no guarantee that it would be used wisely, due to the fact that there was no guarantee that a charitable organization not under one's direction would use the money in accordance with one's wishes.

The J-Tex Corporation

Their name was reference to the fact that its two prominent members, Muta and Funk, were from Japan and Texas, respectively.

The Last King of Scotland

Amin's personal physician was, in fact, a Ugandan doctor called Paul D'Arbela.

The Sacred Art of Stealing

; Detective Inspector Angelique de Xavia : Glaswegian police officer and loyal Rangers F.C. supporter (despite the fact she is Catholic and her brother is a Celtic F.C fan) who feels isolated as a female Asian police officer.

United States vice-presidential debate, 2008

Pundits criticized Biden's omission of the general's name; he referred to him several times only as the "commanding general in Afghanistan," until it was discovered the General's name is in fact David D. McKiernan.

Vjerujem u ljubav

Given the difference in age between the two singers, the effect appeared somewhat incongruous on camera, with the BBC commentary remarking on this fact at the end of the performance.

Wintour's Leap

In fact, Wintour did escape from the Roundheads by using the river nearby on two separate occasions, but from less spectacular positions at Lancaut and Sedbury.

Yves de Creil

While the French writers, including Prentout, accepted that Yves de Criel was the father of Yves de Bellême, Geoffrey H. White was of the opinion that, while probable, it should not be stated as fact.

Zwoleń

In March 1941, Jews from Przytyk were transferred to Zwoleń (fact disputed by some scholars claiming that by then Jews of Przytyk were already removed).


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