The granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor is a heterodimer composed of at least two different subunits; an α chain, and a β chain which is also present in the receptors for IL-3 and IL-5.
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In fact, the β-subunit of the IL-5 receptor is also found in IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors where it is associated with IL-3Rα and GM-CSFRα subunits respectively.
To engineer JX-594, human GMCSF gene (encoding granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor or GM-CSF; driven by a synthetic early/late promoter) and lacZ gene (encoding β-galactosidase or β-gal; driven by the p7.5 early/late promoter) were inserted into the TK gene (encoding thymidine kinase or TK) in the J segment of the Wyeth strain vaccinia virus.
The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including IL2, IL3 erythropoietin (EPO), GM-CSF, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).