X-Nico

8 unusual facts about Receptor


Co-receptor

LRP5 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5) acts as a co-receptor for the Wnt-family of glycoproteins which regulate bone mass.

Gigantism is believed to be caused, in some cases, by a loss of function of the Glypican 3 co-receptor.

Receptor

Nuclear receptor, a receptor found within cells that is responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules

Sensory receptor, in physiology, any structure which, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse

Cell surface receptor, a receptor on the outer surface of a cell membrane, that takes part in communication between the cell and the outside world

Immune receptor, a receptor that occurs on the surface of immunocytes and binds to antigens

Receptor-ligand kinetics

D.A. Lauffenburger and J.J. Linderman (1993) Receptors: Models for Binding, Trafficking, and Signaling, Oxford University Press.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

It is widely used for the specific uptake of certain substances required by the cell (examples include LDL via the LDL receptor or iron via transferrin).


Afobazole

Its mechanism of action remains poorly defined however, with GABAergic, NGF and BDNF release promoting, MT1 receptor antagonism, MT3 receptor antagonism, and sigma agonism suggested as potential mechanisms.

Aftertaste

However, the receptor-independent process involves the diffusion of bitter, amphiphilic chemicals like quinine across the taste receptor cell membranes.

Antagonism

Antagonism (pharmacology), when a substance binds to the same site an agonist would bind to without causing activation of the receptor

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

The most common Fc receptor on the surface of an NK cell is called CD16 or FcγRIII.

Apixaban

The majority of the patients (81%) were receiving aspirin plus a P2Y12-receptor antagonist, predominantly clopidogrel.

Arginine vasopressin receptor 2

Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 has been shown to interact with C1QTNF1.

Atlantic stargazer

All species within the Uranoscopus genus, along with those in Astroscopus, have evolved electric organs, but lack receptor organs.

Beta-endorphin

It is an agonist of the opioid receptors, with evidence suggesting it serves as the endogenous ligand of the μ-opioid receptor, the same receptor to which the chemicals extracted from opium, such as morphine, have their analgesic and addictive effects (indeed, the μ-opioid receptor was named based on its most renowned ligand, morphine).

C20H27NO3

A-77636, a selective dopamine receptor D1 agonist

CC chemokine receptors

CCR1 was the first CC chemokine receptor identified and binds multiple inflammatory/inducible (see inducible gene) CC chemokines (including CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16 and CCL23).

CCR5

The normal ligands for this receptor, RANTES, MIP-1β, and MIP-1α, are able to suppress HIV-1 infection in vitro.

Collagen, type XXIII, alpha 1

Collagens XIII, XVII, and XXV, and related proteins such as class A macrophage scavenger receptors, ectodysplasin A or the MARCO1 receptor, are also part of this group.

Complement component 5a

The latter interaction leads to receptor activation, and the transduction of the ligand binding signal across the cell plasma membrane to the cytoplasmic G protein GNAI2.

Complement receptor of the immunoglobulin family

Complement receptor of the immunoglobulin family is a protein expressed in Kupffer cells.

Congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy

The TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) gene, located on chromosome 12, encodes for a protein that serves as an ion channel, typically found in the plasma membrane and is permeable to Ca2+.

DQ7

HLA-DQ7, an HLA-DQ receptor serotype in which the beta chain is encoded by DQB1*0301 gene.

DQ8

HLA-DQ8, an HLA-DQ receptor serotype associated with coeliac disease.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 has been shown to interact with FGF1.

Four-dimensional space

The retina of the eye is also a two-dimensional array of receptors but the brain is able to perceive the nature of three-dimensional objects by inference from indirect information (such as shading, foreshortening, binocular vision, etc.).

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor

The granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor is a heterodimer composed of at least two different subunits; an α chain, and a β chain which is also present in the receptors for IL-3 and IL-5.

Granzyme

However, new evidence indicates that a multimeric complex (Granzyme B, perforin, and granulysin) can enter a cell through the mannose 6-phosphate receptor (or another receptor found in tumor cells) and is enclosed in a vesicle (a sac).

GSK716155

The receptor activates insulin gene expression by activation of MAPK through a mechanism dependent on MEK but independent of both Raf and Ras3.

Hibernia

Another occurrence is in familial Hibernian fever or TRAPS (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome), a periodic fever first described in 1982 in a family of Irish and Scottish descent, but found in all ethnic groups.

HspE7

The candidate is being developed with a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist adjuvant for multiple indications, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (also known as cervical dysplasia or CIN), genital warts, cervical cancer, and head and neck cancers.

Immunotoxin

-- Really "the best"? Or just good, on a disease that's easily treated? --> These patients were treated with the recombinant immunotoxin, BL22, which targets the CD22 cell surface receptor, which is highly expressed on these leukemic cells.

Interleukin 12 subunit beta

Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2 subunit(IL12Rβ2) is a product of the IL12-R β2 gene.

Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit

Two of these subunits, CD122 and CD132, are shared with the receptor for IL-2, but IL-2 receptor has an additional subunit (CD25).

Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha subunit

Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha subunit has been shown to interact with STAT1.

IRAK4

IRAK-4 (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4), in the IRAK family, is a protein kinase involved in signaling innate immune responses from Toll-like receptors.

JAG1

Human jagged 1 is the ligand for the receptor Notch-1, the latter a human homolog of the Drosophilia jagged receptor notch.

Long-term nonprogressor

A low percentage of long-term nonprogressors have been shown to have inherited mutations of the CCR5 receptor of T cell lymphocytes.

Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1

It binds to a functionally important site in the T-cell receptor-alpha (TCRA) enhancer and confers maximal enhancer activity.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 has been shown to interact with PICK1.

Niacin receptor 2

GPR109B is a oGo protein-coupled receptor with low affinity for nicotinic acid.

Oncostatin M receptor

This protein heterodimerizes with interleukin 6 signal transducer to form the type II oncostatin M receptor and with interleukin 31 receptor A to form the interleukin 31 receptor, and thus transduces oncostatin M and interleukin 31 induced signaling events.

Peroxisomal targeting signal

It was found that the PTS1 receptor is encoded by the PEX5 gene.

Quizartinib

Specifically, Quizartinib selectively inhibits class III receptor tyrosine kinases, including FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/STK1), colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R/FMS), stem cell factor receptor (SCFR/KIT), and platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs).

RANKL

This protein was shown to activate antiapoptotic kinase AKT/PKB through a signaling complex involving SRC kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which indicated this protein may have a role in the regulation of cell apoptosis.

Retinal G protein coupled receptor

Retinal G protein coupled receptor has been shown to interact with KIAA1279.

Rhinovirus

Afterward, the virus binds to ICAM-1 (Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) receptors on respiratory epithelial cells.

SCARB2

SCARB2 is a receptor for two viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease in children, Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16.

Sitaxentan

Sitaxentan is a small molecule that blocks the action of endothelin (ET) on the endothelin-A (ETA) receptor selectively (by a factor of 6000 compared to the ETB).

Steroid hormone

Once in the nucleus, the steroid-receptor ligand complex binds to specific DNA sequences and induces transcription of its target genes.

Stuart C. Sealfon

Gonzalez-Maeso, J., R.L. Ang, T. Yuen, P. Chan, N.V. Weisstaub, J.F. Lopez-Gimenez, M. Zhou, Y. Okawa, L.F. Callado, G. Milligan, J.A. Gingrich, M. Filizola, J.J. Meana, and S.C. Sealfon, Identification of a serotonin/glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis.

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) was first cloned in mouse and BMAL1 (brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-like 1) is the primary homolog of Drosophila CYC.

TNFRSF21

Through its death domain, this receptor interacts with TRADD protein, which is known to serve as an adaptor that mediates signal transduction of TNF-receptors.

Transportin-3

TNPO3 is a nuclear import receptor for serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, including Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1, which are essential precursor-mRNA splicing factors.


see also