X-Nico

unusual facts about Hydrogen|H2H2.




Alec Wilkinson

Apology," (2003), "The Happiest Man in the World," (2007), the latter about Poppa Neutrino, the only man to cross the Atlantic in a raft made of trash, and "The Protest Singer: An Intimate Portrait of Pete Seeger," (2009). His most recent book is "The Ice Balloon," (2012), the account of the Swedish visionary aeronaut S.A. Andree's attempt, in 1897, to discover the North Pole by flying to it in a hydrogen balloon.

Annealing

Nucleic acid thermodynamics, includes the annealing of DNA or RNA pairing by hydrogen bonds to a complementary sequence, forming a double-stranded polynucleotide

Arthur Wightman

Advised by John Wheeler, his 1949 Princeton doctoral dissertation was entitled The Moderation and Absorption of Negative Pions in Hydrogen.

Barretter

Iron-hydrogen resistor or barretter, a hydrogen-filled glass bulb in which an iron wire is located

Bernhard Witkop

During those years, Dr. Witkop – along with his recruit, the late Dr. John Daly, and others – discovered the NIH shift, a term describing the movement of hydrogen, deuterium or tritium to adjacent carbons on aromatic rings during oxidation, a process key in developing many therapies.

Biohydrogen

In the late 1990s professor Anastasios Melis a researcher at the University of California at Berkeley discovered that if the algae culture medium is deprived of sulfur it will switch from the production of oxygen (normal photosynthesis), to the production of hydrogen.

Blue Joker

The system used two, later three, hydrogen filled balloons positioned above each other along a common tether to support a 9 metre diameter resin-bonded terylene spherical radome inflated by a built-in fan to a pressure of 980 pascals (10 cm H2O).

Bosch process

Bosch reaction - produces elemental carbon from CO2 and hydrogen using a metallic catalyst

Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans

According to TIGR evolutionary biologist Jonathan Eisen, "C. hydrogenoformans is one of the fastest-growing microbes that can convert water and carbon monoxide to hydrogen." The microbe owes this to the fact that it has at least five different forms of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.

Chemical nomenclature

Hydrides of the main group elements (groups 13–17) are given -ane base name, e.g. borane (BH3), oxidane

Clean coal

The hydrogen is then used as an emissions-free fuel to run an alkaline fuel cell whilst the carbon dioxide is captured.

Comet Hyakutake

Observations of comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) with the Chandra satellite in 2000 determined that X-rays observed from that comet were produced predominantly by charge exchange collisions between highly charged carbon oxygen and nitrogen minor ions in the solar wind, and neutral water, oxygen and hydrogen in the comet's coma.

Communication for social change

The Global Environment Facility of UNDP in collaboration with the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME), Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo (EMTU/SP) while financed with resources from the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) were able to create the first hydrogen-powered bus in Latin America.

Compagnie maritime d'expertises

The nuclear power plant would be able to produce large volumes of hydrogen and oxygen through the Electrolysis of water.

Covalent organic framework

Omar M. Yaghi and William A. Goddard III reported COFs as exceptional hydrogen storage materials.

Deoxyadenosine

It is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine, differing from the latter by the replacement of a hydroxyl group (-OH) by hydrogen (-H) at the 2' position of its ribose sugar moiety.

Diatomic molecule

As early as 1805, Gay-Lussac and von Humboldt showed that water is formed of two volumes of hydrogen and one volume of oxygen, and by 1811 Amedeo Avogadro had arrived at the correct interpretation of water's composition, based on what is now called Avogadro's law and the assumption of diatomic elemental molecules.

Enantiostasis

The oxygen binding effectiveness of hemocyanin in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus varies according to the concentration of two factors, calcium ion concentration, and hydrogen ion concentration.

Epsilon Canis Majoris

It is the strongest source of photons capable of ionizing hydrogen atoms in interstellar gas near the sun, and is very important in determining the ionization state of the Local Interstellar Cloud.

Ernst Pringsheim, Sr.

(with Otto Lummer:) A Determination of the ratio k of the specific heat for air, oxygen, carbon-dioxide and hydrogen.

Fact–value distinction

Positive statements make the implicit claim to facts (e.g., water molecules are made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom), whereas normative statements make a claim based on values or norms (e.g., water ought to be protected from pollution).

FCX

Honda FCX, a family of hydrogen fuel cell automobiles from Honda

Flash reactor

In iron and ilmenite ores high FR throughputs allows for substantial overall reduction in operating energy consumption, as well as provide a mixing site with other reactants such as hydrogen for briquetting in the main refining process.

Gunnar Johansen

He organized conferences which included such notables as Edward Teller, inventor of the American hydrogen bomb, and Buckminster Fuller, inventor of the geodesic dome.

Haloperoxidase

The Nernst equation shows that hydrogen peroxide can oxidize chloride (E°= 1.36 V), bromide (E°= 1.09 V) and iodide (E°= 0.536 V) from a thermodynamic perspective under natural conditions, i.e., a temperature range of about 0-30 °C and a pH ranging from about 3 (humic soil layer) to about 8 (sea water).

HOI

Hypoiodous acid, a weak acid consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, and iodine atoms.

Hydrogen atom

The solution of the Schrödinger equation (wave equations) for the hydrogen atom uses the fact that the Coulomb potential produced by the nucleus is isotropic (it is radially symmetric in space and only depends on the distance to the nucleus).

Hydrogen breath test

Fructose malabsorption - the patient takes a base reading of hydrogen levels in his/her breath.

Hydrogen purifier

A hydrogen purifier is a device to purify hydrogen if hydrogen production is done from hydrocarbon sources, the ultra-high purified hydrogen is needed for applications like PEM fuel cells .

John J. Mooney

While serving in the United States Army from 1955 to 1956, Mooney was assigned to a series of nuclear tests in the Pacific Ocean at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands, which included 17 atom bomb and two hydrogen bomb tests.

K-type main-sequence star

K dwarf, is a main-sequence (hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type K and luminosity class V. These stars are intermediate in size between red M-type main-sequence stars and yellow G-type main-sequence stars.

Legumin

Karl Heinrich Ritthausen found legumin from peas, vetches, lentils, and field beans to contain the elements in the following proportions: carbon, 51.48%; hydrogen, 7.02%; nitrogen, 16.77%; and oxygen, 24.32%.

Liquid hydrogen

Various submarines (Type 212 submarine, Type 214 submarine) and concept hydrogen vehicles have been built using this form of hydrogen (see DeepC, BMW H2R).

Mark XVII

Mark 17 nuclear bomb (1954-1955); the first mass-produced hydrogen bomb

McCombie

Barton–McCombie deoxygenation, organic reaction replacing a hydroxy group with hydrogen to give an alkyl group

Metaraminol

Upon reaction with butyl nitrite, it undergoes nitrosation into the isonitrosoketone, which by reduction using hydrogen over Raney nickel turns into 1-(3-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-aminopropan-1-ol, the protecting benzyl group is removed by reduction using hydrogen over palladium catalyst, to give racemic metaraminol.

Piero Giorgio Bordoni

In the 1980s he turned to the study of the interaction of dislocations with interstitial hydrogen, acting as a mobile point defect, and hence on reliable methods for electrolytically introducing H in the samples, controlling the occurrence of hydride precipitation.

Preferred IUPAC name

Substitutive nomenclature (replacement of hydrogen atoms in the parent structure) is used most extensively, for example "ethoxyethane" instead of diethyl ether and "tetrachloromethane" instead of carbon tetrachloride.

Project Morpheus

For instance the Sabatier reaction could be used to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) found on Mars into methane, using either found or transported hydrogen, a catalyst, and a source of heat.

Radiolysis

Such speculation is supported by a discovery in the Mponeng gold mine, South Africa, where the researchers found a community dominated by a new phylotype of Desulfotomaculum, feeding on primarily radiolytically produced

Molecular hydrogen and oxidants produced by the radiolysis of water may also provide a continuous source of energy to subsurface microbial communities (Pedersen, 1999).

Ramachandran plot

Glycine has only a hydrogen atom for its side chain, with a much smaller van der Waals radius than the CH3, CH2, or CH group that starts all other amino acids.

Reed Hadley

Hadley was the narrator of several Department of Defense films: "Operation Ivy", about the first hydrogen bomb test, Ivy Mike, "Military Participation on Tumbler/Snapper"; "Military Participation on Buster Jangle"; and "Operation Upshot-Knothole" all of which were produced by Lookout Mountain studios.

Relativistic quantum mechanics

Lamb and Retherford experimentally measure stimulated radio-frequency transitions the 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 hydrogen levels by microwave radiation.

Repeat unit

Polystyrene has a chain where the substituent R is a phenyl group (C6H5), corresponding to a benzene ring minus one hydrogen: -CH2-CH(C6H5)n-, so the repeat unit is -CH2-CH(C6H5)n-.

Timeline of aviation – 18th century

July 30, Jean-Marie-Joseph Coutelle, Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, and Laurent Lavoisier complete a military hydrogen balloon ordered by the French Committee of Public Safety.

Timeline of heat engine technology

1807 - Franco/Swiss engineer François Isaac de Rivaz built the De Rivaz engine, powered by the internal combustion of hydrogen and oxygen mixture and used it to power a wheeled vehicle.

Unit fraction

The energy levels of photons that can be absorbed or emitted by a hydrogen atom are, according to the Rydberg formula, proportional to the differences of two unit fractions.

Wendover

The astronomer and astrophysicist Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, who first postulated that the universe was made up primarily of lighter elements such as hydrogen, was born in Wendover in 1900.


see also