Philadelphia was an independent, neutral city under the influence of the Latin Knights of Rhodes, when taken in 1390 by Sultan Bayezid I and an auxiliary Christian force under the Byzantine emperor Manuel II after a prolonged resistance, by which time all the other cities of Asia Minor had surrendered to the Ottomans.
In 1399, French King Charles VI sent Marshal Boucicaut with 6 ships carrying 1,200 men from Aigues-Mortes to Constantinople, later 300 men under Seigneur Jean de Chateaumorand remained to defend the city against Bayezid.
Prof. Khoury has also translated several dialogues between Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos and an ""educated Persian" (presumably one who spoke Greek) in 1966.
Manuel Noriega | Joan Manuel Serrat | Manuel I of Portugal | Manuel de Falla | Juan Manuel Santos | Manuel L. Quezon | Manuel Belgrano | Manuel Alejandro | Manuel Castells | Manuel Zelaya | Manuel Álvarez Bravo | Juan Manuel de Rosas | Víctor Manuel | Richard Manuel | Michael VIII Palaiologos | Manuel Requena | Manuel Mujica Láinez | Manuel II of Portugal | Palaiologos | Manuel Roxas | Manuel Pineda Munoz | Manuel Oribe | Manuel Mijares | Manuel L. Quezon University | Juan Manuel Márquez | Juan Manuel Fangio | John V Palaiologos | Andronikos II Palaiologos | Manuel Valera | Manuel Penella |