X-Nico

unusual facts about Papal conclave, 1691



Abraham Patras

In 1691, he sought a change of career and got a temporary post as an agent in Batavia.

Barnabas O'Brien, 6th Earl of Thomond

Barnabas married Mary, youngest daughter of Sir George Fermor and widow of James, lord Sanquhar, by whom he had one son, Henry O'Brien, 7th Earl of Thomond, his successor (1621–1691); and one daughter, Penelope, who married Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough.

Benjamín de Arriba y Castro

After participating in the 1958 papal conclave, Arriba attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965, and served as a cardinal elector in the conclave of 1963.

Bernardus Johannes Alfrink

Resigning as Utrecht's archbishop on 6 December 1975, he later voted in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively.

Bishopthorpe

Many of the streets in Bishopthorpe are named after previous Archbishops: for example, Ramsey Avenue (Michael Ramsey, 1956–1961), Maclagan Road (William Maclagan, 1891–1908) and Lamplugh Crescent (Thomas Lamplugh, 1688–1691).

Decet

Romanum decet pontificem is a papal bull issued by Pope Innocent XII (1691—1700) on June 22, 1692, banning the office of Cardinal Nephew.

Dominion of New England

The resulting Province of Massachusetts Bay, whose charter was issued in 1691 and began operating in 1692 under governor Sir William Phips, combined the territories of those two provinces, along with the islands south of Cape Cod (Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and the Elizabeth Islands) that had been Dukes County in the colony of New York.

Enrique Pla y Deniel

Deniel was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1958 papal conclave, which selected Pope John XXIII.

Filippo Spinola

He participated in the first papal conclave of 1590 that elected Pope Urban VII; the second papal conclave of 1590 that elected Pope Gregory XIV; the papal conclave of 1591 that elected Pope Innocent IX; and the papal conclave of 1592 that elected Pope Clement VIII.

Fort Nashwaak

In 1691-1692, Governor of Acadia Joseph de Villebon built Fort Nashwaak at Nashwaaksis on the north side of the Saint John River at the mouth of the Nashwaak River.

Galilei

Alessandro Galilei (1691–1736), Florentine mathematician and architect

George August, Count of Nassau-Idstein

Christine Louise (born: 31 March 1691 in Idstein; died: 13 April 1723 in Aurich), Princess of Nassau-Idstein, married on 23 September 1709 Prince George Albert of East Frisia (born: 8 May 1689; died: 21 October 1734), son of Prince Christian Eberhard of East Frisia and Eberhardine Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen

George Legge

George Legge, 1st Baron Dartmouth (c. 1647–1691), Admiral of the Fleet and Master-General of the Ordnance

Godfridius Dellius

After the execution of Leisler, in May 1691, Gov. Sloughter recalled Dellius, who was on the point of embarking for Europe, and he soon returned to Albany.

Gustavus Hamilton

Gustav Hamilton (c. 1650–1691), Swedish born noble, Irish Governor of Enniskillen

Jānis Pujats

He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI.

Jean Racine

When at last he returned to the theatre, it was at the request of Madame de Maintenon, morganatic second wife of King Louis XIV, with the moral fables, Esther (1689) and Athalie (1691), both of which were based on Old Testament stories and intended for performance by the pupils of the school of the Maison royale de Saint-Louis in Saint-Cyr (a commune neighboring Versailles, and now known as "Saint-Cyr l'École").

John Bowyer

Sir John Bowyer, 2nd Baronet (1653–1691), English MP for Warwick and Staffordshire 1679–1685

John Francis Dearden

He was also one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Pope John Paul I and Pope John Paul II respectively.

José da Costa Nunes

Nunes attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965, and was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1963 papal conclave that selected Pope Paul VI.

Kynžvart Castle

From 1682 to 1691, Count Philipp Emmerich turned the decayed ruins into a Baroque castle; from 1821 to 1836, the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Wenzel von Metternich remodeled it in the imperial style with the help of architect Pietro Nobile.

Lawrence Shehan

In a stroke of cruel luck, he was never able to participate in a papal conclave—he was the last cardinal to turn eighty prior to the August 1978 conclave, at which, by Pope Paul's decree, cardinals over eighty were excluded.

Leonard Goffiné

He left Coesfeld in 1691, when, at the urgent request of the Archbishop of Trier, he undertook the charge of the parishes, first of Wehr, then of Rheinböllen, and afterwards of Idar-Oberstein, from December, 1696, until his death in 1719.

Manuel Arteaga y Betancourt

He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1958 papal conclave, which selected Pope John XXIII.

Martin Beckman

In 1691 he accompanied Major-general Thomas Tollemache to Ireland, landing at Dublin at the latter end of May, and took part under Godart de Ginkel in the Siege of Athlone in June, the Battle of Aghrim on 12 July, and the Siege of Limerick in August and September.

Minuscule 181

The manuscript was given by Christina of Sweden to Cardinal Dezio Azzolino, and bought from him by Alexander VIII (1689-1691) — like codices 154, 155, 156.

Nicholas Purcell of Loughmoe

On 9 May 1691, a French convoy reached Limerick with General Charles St. Ruth, two lieutenant-generals, d'Usson and de Tessé, and Brigadier Luttrell and Colonel Purcell, and also a considerable quantity of arms, ammunition and supplies.

Otto Wilhelm von Fersen

Otto Wilhelm von Fersen (1623, Reval - 1703, Kurna) was a Swedish general and nobleman of the Fersen family, governor general of Ingmermanland and Kexholm from 1691 to 1698, field marshal 1693.

Papal conclave, 1521–22

The conclave was marked by the early candidacies of cardinal-nephew Giulio de'Medici (future Pope Clement VII) and Alessandro Farnese (future Pope Paul III), although the Colonna and other cardinals blocked their election.

Papal conclave, 1689

Anne Jules de Noailles, Duke of Noailles, ordered the fleet to open fire on a small English and Dutch merchant fleet but d'Albert contradicted the orders leading to an argument between the two.

Papal conclave, 1823

The leader of this faction was Pius VII's Cardinal Secretary of State, Ercole Consalvi, but the zelanti wanted a much less moderate pontiff and they set fervently to this task from the time of Pius VII's death.

Papal conclave, 1922

His social encyclical, Quadragesimo Anno {Forty Years After), continuing the ground-breaking social policies of Leo XIII in Rerum Novarum, demanded the end of social inequalities while providing bases for fair working conditions and a just living wage for employees.

Cardinals José María Martín de Herrera y de la Iglesia, Giuseppe Prisco and Lev Skrbenský z Hříště did not attend for reasons of health, whilst the four non-European cardinals – William Henry O'Connell of Boston, Denis Dougherty of Philadelphia, Louis-Nazaire Bégin of Québec City and Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro – did not arrive in time and missed the conclave.

It took fourteen ballots for Achille Ratti, the Archbishop of Milan, to reach the two-thirds majority needed for election, and was subsequently installed as Pope Pius XI.

Papal election, 1277

The papal election from May 30, 1277 to November 25, 1277, convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope John XXI, was the smallest papal election since the expansion of suffrage to cardinal-priests and cardinal-deacons, with only seven cardinal electors (following the deaths of three popes who had not created cardinals).

Paul Zoungrana

Zoungrana was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively.

Pierre de Murat de Cros

Refusing to support Bartolomeo Prignano (Pope Urban VI, the former head of the rival Apostolic Chancellery) after the Papal Conclave of 1378, Murat de Cros played a critical role in delivering a considerable portion of the Roman Curia to the rival claimant Robert of Geneva, who took the name Clement VII.

Pope Innocent IX

Philip II of Spain's (1556–1598) high-handed interference at the previous conclave was not forgotten: he had barred all but seven cardinals.

Port Mathurin

On May 1, 1691, François Leguat and the first French landed on Rodrigues at the site of the future village, which was founded by French colonists in 1735.

Rabia Haseki Sultan

In 1691, at the age of about nineteen, she was captured by Crimean Tatars during one of their frequent raids into this region and taken as a slave, probably first to the Crimean city of Kaffa, a major centre of the slave trade, then to Istanbul, and was selected for the Sultan’s harem.

Restoration comedy

Thomas Southerne's dark The Wives' Excuse (1691) is not yet very "soft": it shows a woman miserably married to the fop Friendall, everybody's friend, whose follies and indiscretions undermine her social worth, since her honour is bound up in his.

Richard Norton

Richard Norton of Southwick Park (1615–1691), British colonel in the parliamentary army in the English Civil War; MP and Governor of Portsmouth

Sergio Rubin

Along with Italian journalist Frances Amrogetti, he decided to write the biography when Bergoglio got 40 votes at the 2005 Papal conclave, the highest number of votes ever obtained by a Latin American papabile.

Size of the College of Cardinals

The conclave capitulation of the papal conclave, 1352 limited the size of the College to twenty, and decreed that no new cardinals could be created until the size of the College had dropped to 16; however, Pope Innocent VI declared the capitulation invalid the following year.

Thomas Firmin

Firmin was an original member of the Society for the Reformation of Manners (1691), and was very active in the enforcement of fines for the repression of profane swearing.

Trình Như Khuê

He was the first cardinal to hail from Vietnam, and was also one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively.

Tulrush

These fords also proved useful in 1691 for the large army of Marquis de St Ruth (General Charles Chalmont), the French Jacobite general, moving from the siege of Athlone, to Aughrim where he was defeated by Godert de Ginkell, the Williamite's Dutch general in the decisive battle of the Williamite War in Ireland.

United New Democratic Party

After receiving a 'shocked' result at the 2007 presidential election, the delegates of its party decided to elect a new leader, with adopting a 'Papal conclave'-style system.


see also