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unusual facts about Papal election, 1277



Al-Mustansir

Muhammad I al-Mustansir (r. 1249-1277), Hafsid ruler of North Africa and self-declared Caliph

Barral of Baux

20 April 1277 Philippa (d. c. 1283), daughter of Aymar III, Count of Valentinois, married thirdly Agathe de Mevouillon, Lady of Caromb

Battle of Ngasaunggyan

In the end of 1277, Yunnan governor's son Naser ad-Din attacked Bhamo again and tried to establish postal system which had already covered Mongol Empire after defeating enemies.

The Battle of Ngasaunggyan was fought in 1277 between Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty of Mongol Empire, and their neighbors to the south, the Pagan Empire (in present-day Burma) led by Narathihapate.

Burchard von Schwanden

He was a monk in Hitzkirch before becoming the Komtur of Konitz (Chojnice) and advancing in 1277 to the rank of a regional Komtur of Thuringia and Saxony.

County of Bentheim

In 1277, the County of Bentheim was partitioned into Bentheim-Bentheim (containing the County of Bentheim) and Bentheim-Tecklenburg (containing the County of Tecklenburg).

Eberhard II, Count of the Mark

In 1277, Count Herman of Lohn abducted Eberhard's father Count Engelbert I, Count of the Mark near Tecklenburg and imprisoned him in the Castle of Bredevoort, where he later died.

Ewloe Castle

Ewloe Castle is not mentioned in the 1277 invasion chronicles suggesting Welsh forces had abandoned the area and retreated to a stronger defensive position along the Clwydian Hills further to the west.

Folquet de Lunel

Al bon rey q'es reys de pretz car was usually dated to 1269, but is more likely to have been written later, between February 1271, when Pope Gregory X arrived in Rome, and September 1273, when Rudolf of Habsburg was elected King of Germany, since the sirventes mentions a pope (there had been a vacancy since 1268) and does not mention Rudolf's claim to the Empire.

Franciacorta DOCG

The still wines from this area have ancient traditions, referred to by Virgil and Pliny the Elder, and documented in Brescia City council books as "Franzacurta" as far back as in 1277, but were not called Franciacorta until 1957, when Guido Berlucchi released a white wine named Pinot di Franciacorta.

Gruffydd II ap Madog, Lord of Dinas Bran

Madog II, succeeded his father and was killed in battle with the English in 1277.

Hilli

Muhaqqiq al-Hilli (c. 1205-1277), an influential Shi'i Mujtahid born in the city of al-Hilla, Iraq

Hugh X of Lusignan

Isabella of Lusignan (1234 – 14 January 1299), lady of Beauvoir-sur-Mer et de Mercillac, married (1st) Maurice IV de Craon (1224/1239 – soon before 27 May 1250/1277) (2nd) Geoffrey de Rancon, seigneur of Taillebourg.

Karol: A Man Who Became Pope

It was broadcast for the first time by the Italian television station Canale 5 on the first day of the 2005 papal election.

Manfred of Pécs

When the first record was made of him in 1277, Manfred was a canon at the cathedral chapter in Zagreb and dean of Gercse.

Moinuddin

The Pervâne Mu‘in al-Din Suleyman (died 1277), politician in Anatolia

Narathihapate

The first invasion defeated the Burmese at the battle of Ngasaunggyan in April 1277, and secured their hold of Kanngai (modern-day Yingjiang, Yunnan, 112 km north of Bhamo).

Otto III of Ravensberg

In 1277, Otto III concluded a secret alliance with Bishop Conrad III of Osnabrück, Bishop Everhard of Münster and Herford Abbey against the Lords of Lippe.

Owain Goch ap Gruffydd

Wherever he was kept, Llywelyn reluctantly released Owain in 1277 under the terms of the Treaty of Aberconwy, after some 20 years of captivity.

Papal election, 1061

Alexander II excommunicated Honorius II in 1063, but after a counter-synod Honorius II was able to establish himself in Castel Sant'Angelo and wage war against Alexander II for another year before fleeing again to Parma.

Papal election, 1086

The papal election of 24 May 1086 ended with the election of Desiderus, abbot of Monte Cassino as Pope Gregory VII's successor after a year-long period of sede vacante.

Papal election, 1198

The papal election of January 8, 1198 was convoked after the death of Pope Celestine III; it ended with the election of Cardinal Lotario dei Conti di Segni, who took the name Innocent III.

Papal election, 1261

The papal election of May 26–29 August 1261 took place after the death of Pope Alexander IV and chose Pope Urban IV as his successor.

Papal election, 1264–65

The papal election of 12 October 1264 - 5 February 1265 was convened after the death of Pope Urban IV and ended by electing his successor Pope Clement IV.

Papal election, 1277

After six months of deliberation, the cardinals eventually elected their most senior member Giovanni Gaetano Orsini as Pope Nicholas III.

The papal election from May 30, 1277 to November 25, 1277, convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope John XXI, was the smallest papal election since the expansion of suffrage to cardinal-priests and cardinal-deacons, with only seven cardinal electors (following the deaths of three popes who had not created cardinals).

Papal election, September 1276

The only act of his pontificate was the suspension of the constitution Ubi periculum about the conclave.

The papal election of September, 1276 is the only papal election to be the third election of the same year.

Pervâne

In 1277, Baybars entered the Seljuk sultanate and on 18 March, overcame the Mongol army in Elbistan, while Pervâne, who was in command of the Seljuk contingent expected by both Baybars and the Mongols, took flight to Tokat along with the young sultan.

Pietro Cavallini

His first notable work were the fresco cycles for the Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura, with stories from the New and Old Testament (1277–1285).

Pope Alexander II

The papal election of 1061, which Hildebrand had arranged in conformity with the papal decree of 1059 (see Pope Nicholas II), was not sanctioned by the imperial court of Germany.

Saint Bernhard Nunnery

In 1277, the Cistercian nunnery previously located in Neumelon was relocated onto land in Chrueg im Pewreich am Teffenbach (the modern Sankt Bernhard) which Stephan von Maissau had donated for this purpose.

Squarcina Borri

Squarcina Borri, also called Scarsini (1230–1277) was an Italian condottiero and lord of the lands of Santo Stefano Ticino.

Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond

O'Brien escaped to Galway where he elicited the help of his cousin William de Burgh, and in 1277 together with the assistance from clans, MacNamara and O'Dea they defeated the combined forces of Thomas and Brian Ruad.

Thorfinn of Hamar

There had been an agreement, the Tønsberg Concord (Sættargjerden in Tønsberg) signed in 1277 between King Magnus VI of Norway and Jon Raude, the Archbishop of Nidaros confirming certain privileges of the clergy, the freedom of episcopal elections and similar matters.

Ubi periculum

Although the first election following Ubi periculum observed its rules and took only one day, its application was suspended and the elections of 1277, 1280–1281, 1287–1288, and 1292–1294 were long and drawn out until Pope Celestine V (another non-cardinal and relative outsider) reinstituted the law of the conclave.

Werle

In 1277 it was divided among the sons of the first lord, or Herr in German, into Werle-Güstrow and Werle-Parchim.


see also