In January 2001, Omiya Ardija sent Kawashima overseas to train with Parma F.C. in the Serie A league in Italy.
The catalyst for the change from yellow and blue to white was the club's re-foundation and renaming from Parma Associazione Calcio to Parma Football Club after Parmalat's financial meltdown.
Ennio Tardini (1879-1923), an Italian lawyer and former president of Parma F.C.
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The match was played over two legs on 7 May and 14 May 1992 between Juventus and Parma.
The match was played over two legs on 24 May and 13 June 2001 between Parma and Fiorentina.
The match was played over two legs on 24 April and 10 May 2002 between Juventus and Parma.
The Centro Sportivo di Collecchio, or Collecchio Sports Centre in English, is Parma F.C.'s training ground and administrative headquarters, which is located in Collecchio, a comune 15 kilometres south-west of the Stadio Ennio Tardini, the club's stadium.
In July 2010 Oliveira joined Italian team Parma FC – who paid K.A.S. Eupen a fee of €1 million (5% Solidarity Contribution included) – being called up to training camp on the 12th.
Smuda won the Polish League the following season, however, Wisła was ejected from European tournaments due to a fan throwing a knife at Dino Baggio during a UEFA Cup match against Parma F.C. In September 1999, Smuda was dismissed as manager of Wisła after team's first defeat in the 1997–98 season.
He spent the first decade of his playing career playing in Italy, most notably with Napoli, alongside Diego Maradona and Careca, and at Parma, before moving to English side Chelsea, where he was voted the Football Writers' Player of the Year in the 1996–97 season.
On 11 March 2008 he was unveiled as the new boss of relegation-battling Serie A team Parma, replacing Domenico Di Carlo at the helm of the gialloblù.
Stadio Ennio Tardini, the stadium of Parma F.C. named after Ennio Tardini