The leader, Francesc Xavier, after suffering a serious automobile accident, conceded full powers to his son, Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, represented in Spain for José María de Zavala, to run the party and resigned on 20 April 1975.
The Duke of Parma also usually held the title of Duke of Guastalla from 1735 (when Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor took it from Mantua) to 1847 (when the territory was ceded to Modena), again, except for the Napoleonic dukes, when Napoleon's sister Pauline was Duchess of Guastalla and of Varella.
Charles III was assassinated March 26, 1854, and was succeeded by his son Robert I, Duke of Parma (age 5) the following day.
Through his son Louis he is a direct ancestor of the reigning Albert II of Monaco and through his youngest daughter he is an ancestor of the pretending Carlos, Duke of Parma.
He also painted the sipario (stage curtain) of the Teatro Filodrammatico di Piacenza, depicting: Alessandro Farnese receives ambassadors from the city during the Siege of Antwerp completed by commission of the società d'incoraggiamento di Parma.
During the War of the Spanish Succession Alberoni laid the foundation of his political success by the services he rendered to Louis-Joseph, duc de Vendôme, commander of the French forces in Italy, to whom the duke of Parma had sent him.
Margherita Farnese (7 November 1567 – 13 April 1643) was a daughter of Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma and Infanta Maria of Guimarães.
In 1566 he was knighted by the second Duke of Parma, Ottavio Farnese, and made ambassador to Flanders.
The son born to Maria Francesco Farnese, later Duke of Parma, continued the work at Colorno dying in 1727.
The socialist variant of workers' self-management was also adopted by the Spanish Carlist Party in the 1970s founded by Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, a rival claimant to the Spanish throne.
Duke University | Parma | Duke Ellington | Duke | Duke of Wellington | Prince William, Duke of Cambridge | Duke of York | Duke of Norfolk | Duke of Edinburgh | Duke of Burgundy | Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn | George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham | Prince Andrew, Duke of York | Duke of Northumberland | Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester | Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany | George Duke | Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond | Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma | Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans | Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset | Philippe II, Duke of Orléans | John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony | Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster | Duchy of Parma | Parma F.C. | George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle | Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg | Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba |
The title was held by the Torelli family in his whole history, until in 1612 it was annexed by Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma.