Formerly named Rutland Square, it was renamed after Charles Stewart Parnell (1846–1891), as was Parnell Street, which forms the southern side of the square.
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On the south side of the square is Conway's bar, outside of which Pearse surrendered to the British army after the 1916 Easter Rising.
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In 1922, subsequent to the Treaty and prior to the Civil War, the IRB again met here in a failed attempt at achieving consensus on the Treaty; among the attendees were Michael Collins, Harry Boland, Liam Lynch and Eoin O'Duffy – all of whom, with the exception of O'Duffy, were dead by the end of the Irish Civil War.
He began his career in the early 1970 by playing folk clubs in Dublin with James Connolly as a duo, contributing to the success of the Universal Folk Centre at Parnell Square.
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Ultimately the northside was laid out centred on two major squares, Rutland Square (now called Parnell Square for Charles Stewart Parnell), at the top end of Sackville Street, and Mountjoy Square.
The Rotunda Hospital, the Ambassador Theatre and the Gate Theatre are on Parnell Street itself while the Garden of Remembrance, the Dublin Writers Museum and the Hugh Lane Gallery are on the north side of the Parnell Square.
From an early time, An Fáinne used the postal address of 25 Parnell Square, the same as Conradh na Gaeilge, but at least at first, the organisations were officially separate.