A study in the mid-2000s showed whitebark pine had declined by 41 percent in the Western Cascades, due to two threats: white pine blister rust and mountain pine beetles.
•
Many stands of Pinus albicaulis nearly range-wide are infected with white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), a fungal disease that was introduced from Europe.
•
Restoration efforts involve harvesting cones from potentially and known resistant whitebark pines, growing seedlings, and outplanting seedlings in suitable sites.
Pinus radiata | Pinus contorta | Pinus nigra | Pinus strobus | Pinus leiophylla | Pinus engelmannii | Pinus brutia | Pinus taeda | Pinus tabuliformis | ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Strobus'' | pinus radiata | Pinus pseudostrobus | Pinus palustris | Pinus massoniana | Pinus kesiya | Pinus glabra | ''Pinus elliottii'' var. ''densa'' | Pinus douglasiana | ''Pinus brutia'' on the mountains near Aleppo |