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Forming the easternmost area of the Pontic Alps, Chaldia was bounded to the north by the Black Sea, to the east by Lazica, the westernmost part of Caucasian Iberia, to the south by Erzinjan,Erzurum and what the East Romans or Byzantines called Armenia Minor, and to the west by the western half of Pontus.
They were concentrated in what is today modern Greece and Greek Macedonia, western Asia Minor (especially in and around Smyrni), central Anatolia (espacially Cappadocia), northeastern Anatolia (especially in Erzurum vilayet, in and around Trebizond and in the Pontic Alps (roughly corresponding to the medieval Greek kingdom of Pontus, which was situated along the southeastern shores of the Black Sea and the highlands of the interior).