His career spanned the last decades before the destruction of the Second Temple and was a contemporary of Eliezer ben Jacob and of Hanina ben Antigonus, with both of whom he is mentioned in a halakhic discussion.
At the same time he has studied many samples of human remains dating to the times of the Second Temple and is considered as the leading authority on the Jewish population of ancient Israel.
Cyrus consented to the reconstruction of the sanctuary, but refused to let him go, saying, "If I had a thousand prophets like thee, I should have them all stay with me."
Some of these texts include, “Seder Eliyahu” an autobiography, “Teffilat David” an explication of the meaning of the Siddur, “Cheshbonos Shel Mitzvah” an exposition on the 613 biblical commandments, “Seder Parshios” a commentary on the weekly portion of the Torah, “Zecher Lemikdash” a work concerning rabbinic precepts intended to be observed as a remembrance of the Temple, and many others.
Gamaliel II became Johanan ben Zakkai's successor, and rendered immense service in the strengthening and reintegration of Judaism, which had been deprived of its former basis by the destruction of the Second Temple and by the entire loss of its political autonomy.
The Arch of Titus bears a relief depicting captives from the Kingdom of Judea en route to Rome bearing the treasures of the Second Temple after its destruction in 70 CE, including the Temple Menorah.
Menahem ben Hezekiah was a quasi-Messianic Jewish teacher born on the day the Second Temple was destroyed.
There is also ascribed to him another work, Et le-Chenanah (Venice, 1708), consisting of prayers to be recited at the Western Wall of the ancient Temple.
There is a number of graves of the Second Temple era found in the Peace Forest, some of which have Hebrew inscriptions on them.
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The Peace Forest also contains remains of an aqueduct which was supplying Jerusalem with water at a time of the Second Temple.
In 1926 and 1930 two old stone tablets dating from the Second Temple period were uncovered at the synagogue.
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Margalit Zinati is a member of an ancient Jewish family who have lived for centuries in Peki’in, reputedly since the time of the Second Temple 2,000 years ago.
Construction of the Second Temple was completed under the leadership of the last three Jewish Prophets Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi with Persian approval and financing.
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The Second Temple period in Jewish history lasted between 530 BCE and 70 CE, when the Second Temple of Jerusalem existed.
M.Z. Segal, in his commentary on Ben Sira, concluded that the long form with Shim`on should be accepted as original and suggested that the common naming of the book "Ben Sira" is because so many people were named Shim`on at the end of the Second Temple that people often used the family name without "Shim`on."
Theophilus was the High Priest in the Second Temple in Jerusalem from AD 37 to 41 according to Josephus's Antiquities of the Jews.
He was author of the book Halachot Pesukot, which discusses those halachot that were practiced in the Diaspora since the destruction of the Second Temple.
In 2004 he became a member of the newly reconstituted Sanhedrin, a duplicate of the religious tribunal which convened during the time of the Second Temple, a group that had traditionally had seventy one members.
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Aelia came from Hadrian's nomen gentile, Aelius, while Capitolina meant that the new city was dedicated to Jupiter Capitolinus, to whom a temple was built on the site of the former Jewish temple, the Temple Mount.
The Beautiful Gate (or Nicanor Gate) of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, mentioned in the Book of Acts 3:2–10, was a large, 18 metre (60 feet) wide structure said to be either solid, or covered in plates of, Corinthian brass.
Until 1967, it was generally considered to be the only surviving remnant of the Second Temple from the era of the Roman conquests; there are said to be esoteric texts in Midrash that mention God's promise to keep this one remnant of the outer temple wall standing as a memorial and reminder of the past.
In 2012, five suspected antiquities robbers were caught at Kharruba, after damaging a mikveh (ritual bath) dating to the Second Temple period and trenches used as hiding places during the Bar Kokhba rebellion.
According to the Talmud, the House of Avtinas, which compounded the incense, kept the identity of maaleh ashan a secret which became lost following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE.
The Jewish Encyclopedia states that during the time of the Second Temple, the festival of Shavuot received the specific name of "'Aẓarta" as cited by Josephus in Antiquities of the Jews (iii. 10, § 6) and in the Talmud's tractate Pesahim (42b, 68b), signifying "the closing feast" of Passover.
According to Zechariah 1:7-16, "On the 24th day of the 11th month, which is the month of Shevat, in the second year of the reign of Darius, the word of God came to Zachariah the son of Berechiah the son of Ido the prophet, saying: '...I will return to Jerusalem in mercy, my house will be built within her" This was two years before the completion of the Second Temple on the 3rd of Adar, 515 BCE.
The Fiscus Judaicus (Latin: "Jewish tax") or "Temple Tax" was a tax collecting agency instituted to collect the tax imposed on Jews in the Roman Empire after the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem in 70 CE in favor of the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus in Rome.