The so-called “Landigeist” (homeland spirit) flooded through the land and - coming shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War - gave people a feeling of an unbroken national will for independence against all the demands of Germany and the annexation of the German-speaking cantons into a Greater German Reich.
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A special form of spiritual defence was illustrated by the so-called 'Elvetismo' (cp. Helvetism) movement in Canton Ticino which opposed Italian Irredentism.
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