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unusual facts about papal conclave, 1378



Antonio María Rouco Varela

When Pope Benedict XVI resigned on February 28, 2013, Cardinal Rouco Varela again was a cardinal elector and participated in the subsequent papal conclave that elected Pope Francis.

Antonios Naguib

Cardinal Patriarch-Emeritus Naguib was one of the cardinal electors at the 2013 conclave that elected Pope Francis.

Benjamín de Arriba y Castro

After participating in the 1958 papal conclave, Arriba attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965, and served as a cardinal elector in the conclave of 1963.

Bernardus Johannes Alfrink

Resigning as Utrecht's archbishop on 6 December 1975, he later voted in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively.

Clément Roques

A cardinal elector in the 1958 papal conclave, Roques lived long enough to only attend the first two sessions of the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1963, and participate in the conclave of 1963 that selected Pope Paul VI.

Dionysius I, Metropolitan of Moscow

On his way back to Moscow, Dionysius stopped in Kiev, where he was detained by the Kievan prince Vladimir Olgerdovich at the insistence of Cyprian, Archbishop of Kiev, who was to have succeeded as Metropolitan of Moscow in 1378 upon the death of Alexius, but who was not finally welcomed into Moscow until 1390.

Einbecker Brewery

Founded before 1378, it is one of the oldest still operating breweries in the world.

Enrique Pla y Deniel

Deniel was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1958 papal conclave, which selected Pope John XXIII.

Erisdorf

The supremacy over the village went to the Lords of Hornstein, then to the Lords of Reischach, In 1398, it was taken over by the Riedlingen Hospital, having acquired 22 pieces of land as early as 1378, and enlarging its property even later on by the purchase of a mill.

Filippo Spinola

He participated in the first papal conclave of 1590 that elected Pope Urban VII; the second papal conclave of 1590 that elected Pope Gregory XIV; the papal conclave of 1591 that elected Pope Innocent IX; and the papal conclave of 1592 that elected Pope Clement VIII.

Friedrich Johannes Jacob Celestin von Schwarzenberg

He did not participate in the conclave of 1846 because it was difficult owing to the prevailing political situation for him to travel to Rome, but participated in the conclave of 1878, when he was one of four men still alive who were already cardinals when Pius IX was elected for the longest papal reign in history.

Galeazzo Visconti

Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1351–1402), lord of Milan from 1378 to 1402, becoming its first duke in 1395

Great Schism

The Western Schism, a split within the Roman Catholic Church that lasted from 1378 to 1417

Jānis Pujats

He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI.

Joachim Meisner

Cardinal Meisner was one of the cardinal-electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave which elected Pope Francis.

John Francis Dearden

He was also one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Pope John Paul I and Pope John Paul II respectively.

John Wendout

John Wyndout or Wendout (fl. 1378-1386), of Tavistock, Devon, was an English politician.

José da Costa Nunes

Nunes attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965, and was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1963 papal conclave that selected Pope Paul VI.

Joseph Malula

Malula was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II, respectively.

Lawrence Shehan

In a stroke of cruel luck, he was never able to participate in a papal conclave—he was the last cardinal to turn eighty prior to the August 1978 conclave, at which, by Pope Paul's decree, cardinals over eighty were excluded.

Manuel Arteaga y Betancourt

He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1958 papal conclave, which selected Pope John XXIII.

Meat Puppets Live

Sample on "Intro" looped from "Yelli" Rykomusic (ASCAP), from the album Heart of the Forest: The Music of the Baka Forest People of Southeast Cameroon (HNCD 1378).

Papal conclave, 1521–22

The conclave was marked by the early candidacies of cardinal-nephew Giulio de'Medici (future Pope Clement VII) and Alessandro Farnese (future Pope Paul III), although the Colonna and other cardinals blocked their election.

Papal conclave, 1689

Anne Jules de Noailles, Duke of Noailles, ordered the fleet to open fire on a small English and Dutch merchant fleet but d'Albert contradicted the orders leading to an argument between the two.

Papal conclave, 1823

The leader of this faction was Pius VII's Cardinal Secretary of State, Ercole Consalvi, but the zelanti wanted a much less moderate pontiff and they set fervently to this task from the time of Pius VII's death.

Papal conclave, 1914

The conclave brought together cardinals from the combatant nations, including Károly Hornig from Austria-Hungary, Louis Luçon from France, Felix von Hartmann from Germany and two from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Francis Bourne (from England & Wales) and Michael Logue (from Ireland).

Papal conclave, 1922

His social encyclical, Quadragesimo Anno {Forty Years After), continuing the ground-breaking social policies of Leo XIII in Rerum Novarum, demanded the end of social inequalities while providing bases for fair working conditions and a just living wage for employees.

Cardinals José María Martín de Herrera y de la Iglesia, Giuseppe Prisco and Lev Skrbenský z Hříště did not attend for reasons of health, whilst the four non-European cardinals – William Henry O'Connell of Boston, Denis Dougherty of Philadelphia, Louis-Nazaire Bégin of Québec City and Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro – did not arrive in time and missed the conclave.

It took fourteen ballots for Achille Ratti, the Archbishop of Milan, to reach the two-thirds majority needed for election, and was subsequently installed as Pope Pius XI.

Papal conclave, October 1503

The conclave took place during the Italian Wars barely a month after the papal conclave, September 1503, and none of the electors had travelled far enough from Rome to miss the conclave.

Papal conclave, September 1503

Cardinal Georges d'Amboise was the favorite of Louis XII, and also expected the support of the faction of Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (future Pope Julius II), who had fled to France due to a dispute with Alexander VI.

Papal election, 1198

The papal election of January 8, 1198 was convoked after the death of Pope Celestine III; it ended with the election of Cardinal Lotario dei Conti di Segni, who took the name Innocent III.

Papal election, 1277

The papal election from May 30, 1277 to November 25, 1277, convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope John XXI, was the smallest papal election since the expansion of suffrage to cardinal-priests and cardinal-deacons, with only seven cardinal electors (following the deaths of three popes who had not created cardinals).

Paul Zoungrana

Zoungrana was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively.

Pierre de Murat de Cros

Refusing to support Bartolomeo Prignano (Pope Urban VI, the former head of the rival Apostolic Chancellery) after the Papal Conclave of 1378, Murat de Cros played a critical role in delivering a considerable portion of the Roman Curia to the rival claimant Robert of Geneva, who took the name Clement VII.

Pope Innocent IX

Philip II of Spain's (1556–1598) high-handed interference at the previous conclave was not forgotten: he had barred all but seven cardinals.

Priest–penitent privilege in England from the Reformation to the nineteenth century

Gibson cites a constitution of Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury (1378), ordering confessions to be heard three times a year, and that whoever would not confess at least once a year should be prevented from entering a church while living and should not receive Christian burial when dead.

Sergio Rubin

Along with Italian journalist Frances Amrogetti, he decided to write the biography when Bergoglio got 40 votes at the 2005 Papal conclave, the highest number of votes ever obtained by a Latin American papabile.

Size of the College of Cardinals

The conclave capitulation of the papal conclave, 1352 limited the size of the College to twenty, and decreed that no new cardinals could be created until the size of the College had dropped to 16; however, Pope Innocent VI declared the capitulation invalid the following year.

Tiara of Pope Paul VI

It was donated by the see of Milan when its cardinal, Giovanni Montini, was elected Pope Paul VI in the 1963 papal conclave.

Trình Như Khuê

He was the first cardinal to hail from Vietnam, and was also one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively.

United New Democratic Party

After receiving a 'shocked' result at the 2007 presidential election, the delegates of its party decided to elect a new leader, with adopting a 'Papal conclave'-style system.

Vincenzo Fagiolo

He lost the right to participate in a conclave when he turned 80 years old in 1998, and died two years later.

Walter Hungerford

Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford, 1378–1449, Knight of the Garter, English nobleman and Speaker of the House of Commons


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