The improved AIS originated with the T-carrier system, and became a standard feature of subsequent plesiochronous and synchronous circuit-based communication systems, and is also part of the ATM standards.
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At the DS3 signal level, the intermediate element receiving an errored signal replaces the errored channel data with a signal consisting of a valid DS-3 frame with the overhead bits (the M-subframe alignments bits, M-frame alignment bits, and P bits) with the payload set to a 1010..
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