Chos Malal was established as a control point for the route of Animal husbandry and avoid Cattle raiding.
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In addition to dealing with rustlers, and other outlaws, the rangers were called on to deal with several large strikes by Mexican workers at mines in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico.
Between 1850 and 1853, the gang, joined by Murrieta's right hand man, "Three-Fingered Jack", were reported to have been responsible for most of the cattle rustling, robberies, and murders committed in the Mother Lode area of the Sierra Nevadas.
In 2007, there were tensions between the village and the nearby moshav of Tzippori, with the Bedouins accused of cattle rustling.
A local legend has arisen which suggests they are the skulls of three sheep rustlers, hanged at nearby High Melton, but it is more likely that they were obtained by Lord Halifax to serve as a memento mori.
In the 1970s, President Idi Amin Dada created Iteso Home Guard units specifically to protect the region from raids by Karamojong cattle rustlers.