Until 1860, these sub-regions coincided with the districts (Kreise) of Ljubljana, Novo Mesto and Postojna.
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In the west, the peaks of the Julian Alps high above Lake Bohinj marked the border with the historic Friulian region, initially held by the Patriarchs of Aquileia, but gradually conquered by the Republic of Venice and incorporated into the Domini di Terraferma by 1433.
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Among them, there is the early Baroque Ursuline Church of the Holy Trinity, the Kazina building, one of the few Neoclassical buildings remaining in Ljubljana after the earthquake of 1895, the Slovenian Philharmonic building, and the rectorate of the University of Ljubljana, formerly the seat of the Provincial Diet of the Duchy of Carniola.
While Albert retained the Archduchy of Austria, Leopold became the exclusive ruler of the Duchies of Styria (including the town of Wiener Neustadt), Carinthia, Carniola, the Windic march, the County of Gorizia and the Habsburgs' possessions in Friuli, Tyrol and Further Austria.
Historically, the upper eastern part of the valley, including the town of Vipava and half of the town of Ajdovščina, used to belong to the Duchy of Carniola (specifically, to Inner Carniola), while the lower western part was incorporated in the County of Gorizia and Gradisca and thus to the Austrian Littoral.
After the line had become extinct in 1209, the possessions passed to the Carniolan margraves from the Bavarian House of Andechs, Dukes of Merania, and were finally acquired for the House of Habsburg by Archduke Rudolf IV of Austria, who proclaimed himself Duke of Carniola in 1364.
The Wurzenpass has been a historic crossing of the Karawanken, though the main trade route from the Duchy of Carinthia to Trieste, the Austrian Littoral and Carniola ran from Tarvisio along the Predil Pass and the high valley of Rateče that was much easier to traverse.
Andreas von Auersperg was born in the Carniolan town of Seisenberg into one of the leading Protestant Austrian families in the Duchy of Carniola as the youngest son of Wolfgang-Engelbert von Auersperg, Lord of Schönberg, Seisenberg and Flödnig, and Anna Maria von Lamberg.
Written in German, The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola was published in 1689 in Nuremberg in 15 volumes.