These mirrored the "laws of "compulsory education and attendance" being passed in Britain and various states of the United States. With these laws, known as Jules Ferry laws, and several others, the Third Republic repealed most of the "Falloux Laws" of 1850–1851, which gave an important role to the clergy, reducing their earlier role in the teachings in public schools.
The first historian to denounce la décadence concept explicitly was the Canadian historian Robert J. Young, who, in his 1978 book In Command of France argued that French society was not decadent, that the defeat of 1940 was due to only military factors, not moral failures, and that the Third Republic's leaders had done their best under the difficult conditions of the 1930s.
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Meanwhile, the Republican government had requested aid and weapons from France in order to defeat the Nationalist forces and the president of the French Republic, Léon Blum initially decided to send help because a Nationalist victory could damage the international position of France.
Benjamin Raspail (16 August 1823, Paris – 24 September 1899, Cachan, Seine, now Val-de-Marne), was a painter-engraver and politician of the French Third Republic.
As he was more sympathetic towards Hitler, and the fact that Dandy and Roan would have claimed to be working for the Communists, the United Kingdom would have formed an alliance with Germany, isolating the French and giving Germany an ally in the ensuing war against Communist Russia.
When Nazi Germany invaded France in 1940, Codman was in the invaded country on a wine buying trip, and escaped to Lisbon on the last plane out of Bordeaux.
Hanns In der Gand was the pen name of Ladislaus Krupski (born 25 February 1882 in La Vernaz, France (formerly Savoy); died 24 May 1947 in Zumikon, canton of Zurich) was a Swiss folklorist and collector of traditional and military songs.
While republicans like Clemenceau were shedding whatever socialist sympathies they may once have had and moving into positions of power in the Third Republic, the French Blanquists and Marxists firmly opposed socialist participation in 'bourgeois' republican governments and furiously denounced reformist socialists like Alexandre Millerand who sought power.