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Pope Alexander IV (1199 or ca. 1185–1261), Pope from 1254 until his death
Matilda of Holstein, Duchess of Sweden 1261–1288 as second consort and widow of Birger Jarl
the Latin Emperors, who ruled in the city from 1204 to 1261, as well as the later pretenders to this title
Al bon rey q'es reys de pretz car was usually dated to 1269, but is more likely to have been written later, between February 1271, when Pope Gregory X arrived in Rome, and September 1273, when Rudolf of Habsburg was elected King of Germany, since the sirventes mentions a pope (there had been a vacancy since 1268) and does not mention Rudolf's claim to the Empire.
He bought Roebuck Castle, in the south of Dublin in 1261; it is possible the purchase caused him financial loss since he was rumoured to be in heavy debt shortly before his death.
In the eastern Mediterranean, Genoa was greatly advanced by the Treaty of Nymphaeum (1261) with the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus, which, in exchange for the aid to the Byzantine reconquest of Constantinople, actually ousted the Venetians from the straits leading to the Black Sea.
Consequently, when the city was retaken by the forces of Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1261, the Great Palace was in disrepair.
Knut Haakonsson (1208–1261), claimant to the Norwegian throne, and later jarl
The Crusaders then installed a Latin Patriarch in Constantinople, while Theodore simply created a new Greek Patriarchate in Nicaea, which was eventually restored in Constantinople with the rest of the Empire in 1261.
It was broadcast for the first time by the Italian television station Canale 5 on the first day of the 2005 papal election.
It was first mentioned in the Early Livonian Rhymed Chronicle as a main Oeselian stronghold during the 1260-1261 rebellion.
Władysław I the Elbow-high (1261–1333), King of Poland (also known as Ladislaus the Short, or Władysław I Łokietek)
In 1261 he was one of the leaders of the Norwegian delegation who took princess Ingebjørg Eiriksdotter, the daughter of Eric IV of Denmark, out of the convent in Horsens (dominikanerkloster ved Horsens) to bring her to Norway as the bride of the king's son, Magnus Håkonsson.
Alexander II excommunicated Honorius II in 1063, but after a counter-synod Honorius II was able to establish himself in Castel Sant'Angelo and wage war against Alexander II for another year before fleeing again to Parma.
The papal election of 24 May 1086 ended with the election of Desiderus, abbot of Monte Cassino as Pope Gregory VII's successor after a year-long period of sede vacante.
The papal election of January 8, 1198 was convoked after the death of Pope Celestine III; it ended with the election of Cardinal Lotario dei Conti di Segni, who took the name Innocent III.
The papal election of May 26–29 August 1261 took place after the death of Pope Alexander IV and chose Pope Urban IV as his successor.
The papal election of 12 October 1264 - 5 February 1265 was convened after the death of Pope Urban IV and ended by electing his successor Pope Clement IV.
After six months of deliberation, the cardinals eventually elected their most senior member Giovanni Gaetano Orsini as Pope Nicholas III.
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The papal election from May 30, 1277 to November 25, 1277, convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope John XXI, was the smallest papal election since the expansion of suffrage to cardinal-priests and cardinal-deacons, with only seven cardinal electors (following the deaths of three popes who had not created cardinals).
The only act of his pontificate was the suspension of the constitution Ubi periculum about the conclave.
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The papal election of September, 1276 is the only papal election to be the third election of the same year.
The papal election of 1061, which Hildebrand had arranged in conformity with the papal decree of 1059 (see Pope Nicholas II), was not sanctioned by the imperial court of Germany.
The work is divided into three periods, 641–867 (Heraclian dynasty to the Amorian dynasty), 867–1025 (Macedonian dynasty up to the death of Basil II) and 1025–1261 (last Macedonians, the Komnenian period, and up to the recovery of Constantinople from the Latin Empire).
Roman Danylovich (b. ca 1230, d. ca 1261), Prince of Black Ruthenia (Navahradak) 1254–1258, Prince of Slonim?
In 1258, Uroš I of Serbia took Skopje, Prilep and Kičevo from the Byzantines, but lost them shortly after in 1261.
It was created as a partition of Sponheim-Eberstein in 1261, and it comprised the lands of the former County of Sayn.
Her paternal grandparents were sebastokrator Isaac Doukas Vatatzes (died 1261), the older brother of Emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes and his unnamed wife.
Although the first election following Ubi periculum observed its rules and took only one day, its application was suspended and the elections of 1277, 1280–1281, 1287–1288, and 1292–1294 were long and drawn out until Pope Celestine V (another non-cardinal and relative outsider) reinstituted the law of the conclave.
Eudoxia, still a child, married in 1261 in Constantinople with Count Pedro of the House of Ventimiglia and Tende (a region that retains the Byzantine double-headed eagle as a symbol), traveling then to Liguria.
Isabella remained countess until 1260–1261, when Walter Stewart, husband of Isabella's sister Mary, seized the province.