X-Nico

7 unusual facts about TOPS-20


Berkeley Timesharing System

The TENEX operating system for the PDP-10 mainframe computer, used many features of this system, but extended the memory management to include demand paging.

DIGITAL Command Language

It had its roots in the IAS, TOPS-20, and RT-11 operating systems and was implemented as a standard across most of Digital's operating systems, notably RSX-11, but took its most powerful form in the OpenVMS operating system.

Mark Crispin

In the early 1980s, shortly after becoming the Systems Programmer for the Stanford Computer Science Department's TOPS-20 system, he became interested in electronic mail software and systems; thereafter this became his primary focus.

During that time, he wrote the infamous RFC 748, the only document specifically marked in the RFC index with note date of issue; and a series of Telnet implementations for the Incompatible Timesharing System, WAITS, and TOPS-20 operating systems whose escape behavior was playfully immortalized by Guy Steele in the April 1984 Communications of the ACM as The Telnet Song.

Ray Tomlinson

In 1967 he joined the technology company of Bolt, Beranek and Newman, now BBN Technologies, where he helped develop the TENEX operating system including ARPANET Network Control Protocol and TELNET implementations.

Systems Concepts

TOPS-10 was running on the Mars by the summer of 1984, and TOPS-20 by early fall.

TOPS-20

The developer team – amongst them Daniel Murphy and Daniel G. Bobrow – chose the name TENEX (TEN-EXtended) for the new system.


2009 Brazilian Grand Prix

They were designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer and were constructed of recycled plastic bottle tops, collected on site over the course of the grand prix weekend, and remoulded at the site's plastic recycling plant.

Ampere Way tram stop

The two chimneys from the old power station still exist in the grounds of an IKEA store, and they have IKEA coloured bands near their tops.

Ankober Serin

This bird is endemic to Ethiopia, inhabiting steep rocky slopes and high cliff-tops; the reported range of the Ankober Serin consists of several disjointed areas in northern Shewa and in the northern Amhara Region.

Bath Abbey Cemetery

The eccentric William Thomas Beckford was originally buried here, but moved once its former retreat of Lansdown Tower was converted into Lansdown Cemetery (which was sold after his death and when it appeared that the buyer wanted to turn it into a pub and pleasure garden, Beckford’s daughter bought it back and presented it to the Rector of Walcot as a cemetery.) “The best monuments are slightly neo-Grecian with canopied tops, dating from the 1840s.

Black Russian

This combination first appeared in 1949, and is ascribed to Gustave Tops, a Belgian barman, who created it at the Hotel Metropole in Brussels in honor of Perle Mesta, then U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg.

British Rail Class 42

The early withdrawal dates meant that TOPS numbers were never worn, although the Swindon-built locomotives were allocated TOPS Class 42 and the NBL examples Class 43.

British Rail Class 74

Twenty-four examples of British Rail Class 71 (pre-TOPS type HA) were built in 1958 at the British Rail works in Doncaster and in 1964 ten were deemed surplus to requirements, withdrawn from service and placed in storage.

British Rail Class 931

When TOPS class numbers were applied, these units mostly retained their existing numbers as the last three digits of their new TOPS class number.

British Rail Class 932

The table below lists all the units numbered in the Class 932 series, together with the research and tractor units used by the SR prior to the application of TOPS numbers.

British Rail Class 933

When TOPS class numbers were allocated, these units retained their existing numbers as the last three digits of their new TOPS class number.

British Rail Class D3/5

They were similar to Class D3/4 (TOPS class 10, numbers 13137–13151 / D3137–D3151), but had electrical equipment from British Thomson-Houston rather than GEC.

Chinese pyramids

They have flat tops, and thus are more similar in shape to the Teotihuacan pyramids north-east of Mexico City, Mexico than to the pyramids in Giza, Egypt.

Crop top

Long-sleeved crop tops and even crop top turtlenecks also became fashionable for the first time, popularized by such public figures, as country singer Shania Twain.

Certain members of the all-female musical groups All Saints and the Spice Girls wore crop tops on stage during their pregnancies, ushering in the trend of showing off one's baby bump rather than hiding it.

Dacres Wood

An invertebrate survey in 1996 found the purple hairstreak butterfly, which frequents the tops of oak trees, and has been seen on only three sites in London.

Debelah Morgan

Debelah tops off her list of famous teachers with vocal coach of the stars Seth Riggs (creator of the speech level singing method).

Eric Stanton

In addition to books about his work, Stanton's art was reprinted in the 1990s in a comic book from Fantagraphics Books' imprint Eros Comix, Tops and Bottoms.

Eryngium castrense

At the tops of the stems are flower heads one to one and a half centimeters wide and rounded or egg-shaped.

Estrella Foothills High School

Among these, the Drama Club and SkillsUSA chapter sponsor 4 Blood Drives through United Blood Services each year as well as collects pop-tops for Ronald McDonald House Charities.

Gilboa, New York

In 2004, the tops and fronds of the trees were discovered and, in 2007, the fern-like trees, named Wattieza, were pronounced the oldest known trees on earth.

Helli Louise

Helli was also active on stage appearing in a touring production of Hair in 1974 and in the stage farce Pyjama Tops (circa 1973) where co-stars included Fiona Richmond, Jess Conrad and Lucienne Camille.

Hypanartia paullus

They are most frequently encountered perching along the forest edge on the tops of leaves with the wings half open or nectaring on a variety of flowers, including Eupatorium, Daucus, Palicourea, Tournefortia, Urera, Senecio and Canna species.

Joe Stefanelli

In the next 10 years, the Mop Tops toured the world, played Candlestick Park and Dodger Stadium, and made hundreds of personal appearances.

Latobius

Votive inscriptions for Mars Latobius are typically found on mountain tops (e.g., on the highest peak of the Koralpe mountain range, between the Lavant and Mur valleys) and on passes in former Noricum.

London Underground 1938 Stock

The only examples still in daily use are the six units that survive operating the Island Line service on the Isle of Wight, and allocated TOPS Class 483.

Love and Rocket

While the two machines play a cat-and-mouse game, Leela continues to attempt to shut down the brain by popping the tops of its carbonated logic unit similarly to Dave shutting HAL 9000 down in 2001: A Space Odyssey (also winning free admission to Six Flags), which makes the ship even less rational.

Loyalty program

These include Smith's, Kroger and Safeway (each through both its own name and many of its regional chain names), Winn-Dixie, Harris Teeter, Ingles, Giant Eagle, Tops, Price Chopper, ShopRite, A&P and its related chains Pathmark, SuperFresh and Waldbaums, Wegmans, Stop & Shop and sister chains Giant-Carlisle and Giant-Landover, Rite Aid, Walgreens and CVS/pharmacy.

Polruan

It is bounded on three sides by water: to the north by Pont Creek, to the west by the River Fowey and to the south by the English Channel and neighbours village Bodinnick to the north, connected by a 4 mile walk along the hill tops.

Precipitation

Thermal infrared (IR) sensors record a channel around 11 micron wavelength and primarily give information about cloud tops.

Propelling Control Vehicle

The vehicles were given the TOPS code NAA and numbered 94300–94327 and 94331–94345.

Rudy Omankowski, Jr.

Among his most notable performances is his 1.25 km skywalk between two mountain tops in Gérardmer, les Vosges, France.

Scouting in Colorado

The lodge totem is a coney (Pika), and the name translates to "Dwellers on the Mountain Tops" in the Kiowa language.

Sir Galba

On the other hand, he could have been named after the galba tree Calophyllum antillanum which is noted for its hard wood and was a favourite for making spinning tops.

Sounds of The Four Tops

The Sounds of The Four Tops is a Four Tops tribute show created by the American Soul Singer, show producer and actor Freddie Lee Peterkin.

Take a Little Ride

Eight days after the song's release, Broken Bow Records released a re-recording of the song, in which the line "a little Shiner Bock" is changed to "a couple Rocky Tops", in reference to Coors beer.

Tops Friendly Markets

In May, all 45 Northeast Ohio Finast stores adopted the Tops Friendly Markets banner.

Tops Friendly Markets was co-founded by Armand Castellani, who was born in 1917 in a village outside of Rome, Italy.

Tree of physiology

This form of Sky burial, still practiced, begins with a ritual dissection of the deceased, and then followed by the feeding of the parts to Vultures on the hill tops.

Watendlath

Near the bridge is a cairn to the Lakeland fell-runner Robert Graham, who in 1932 set a Lakeland 24-hour record of 42 tops, which was not equalled for 28 years.


see also

Columbia MM

The message sequence feature proved so popular with MM users that TOPS-20 MM author Mark Crispin went on to implement similar filtering capabilities in Pine.

DECnet

Implementations expanded to included RSTS, TOPS-10 and TOPS-20 with communications between processors still limited to point-to-point links only.