X-Nico

unusual facts about Toxin


Toxin

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Ablomin

Ablomin is a toxin present in the venom of the Japanese Mamushi snake, which blocks L-type voltage-gated calcium channels.

Abraham Z. Joffe

Joffe's professional interests were centered primarily in toxigenic fungi associated with production of mycotoxins (aflatoxins, trichothecenes, and other toxins); ecology and environmental factors favoring formation and distribution of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereal grains, feeds and foods; and phytotoxic action of Fusarium strains, and their toxicity in animals and humans.

Aconite

Aconitine, a toxin derived from some of the Aconitum genus plants

Alpha-Amanitin

It is possibly the most deadly of all the amatoxins, toxins found in several species of the Amanita genus of mushrooms, one being the death cap (Amanita phalloides) as well as the destroying angel, a complex of similar species, principally A. virosa and A. bisporigera.

Anatoxin

Toxoid, a bacterial toxin (usually an exotoxin) whose toxicity has been weakened or suppressed

Anton Skulberg

He took his doctorate (dr.med.vet.) in 1965, on the topic Studies on the formation of toxin by Clostridium botulinum.

Aristolochiaceae

Pipevine swallowtail butterflies lay their eggs on pipevine (Aristolochia species), and the larvae dine on the plant but are not affected by the toxin, which then offers the adult butterfly protection against predators.

BmKAEP

At the NCBI Protein Database, the full name of this peptide is listed as "Toxin BmKAEP".

Cholera vaccine

WC-rBS (marketed as "Dukoral") is a monovalent inactivated vaccine containing killed whole cells of V. cholerae O1 plus additional recombinant cholera toxin B subunit.

Cytotoxic necrotising factor family

Bordetella dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) stimulates the assembly of actin stress fibres and focal adhesions by deamidating or polyaminating Gln63 of the small GTPase Rho.

Dihydroxystilbene

Pinosylvin (3,5-dihydroxystilbene), a pre-infectious stilbenoid toxin

Florida arrowroot

The toxin can however be removed by careful leaching, and the roots and half-buried stems of this cycad were used by Native American people (notably the Tequesta and Mayaimi Indians, the Seminole Indians and the Maroons) to produce this starch.

Gamma-Amanitin

It is an amatoxin, a group of toxins isolated from and found in several members of the Amanita genus of mushrooms, one being the Death cap (Amanita phalloides) as well as the Destroying angel, a complex of similar species, principally A. virosa and A. bisporigera.

Heat-labile enterotoxin

In addition to its effects on chloride secretion, which involve the same steps as the effects of cholera toxin, heat-labile enterotoxin binds additional substrates: lipopolysaccharide on the surface of E. coli cells and A-type blood antigens.

Heinrich Otto Wieland

In 1941, Wieland isolated the toxin alpha-amanitin, the principal active agent of one of the world's most poisonous mushrooms Amanita phalloides.

Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms.

Liver cancer

The aflatoxins are a group of chemicals produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus (the name comes from A. flavus toxin) and A. parasiticus.

LOXHD1

This gene encodes a highly conserved protein consisting entirely of PLAT (polycystin/lipoxygenase/alpha-toxin) domains, thought to be involved in targeting proteins to the plasma membrane.

Maitotoxin

Maitotoxin (or MTX) is an extremely potent toxin produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus, a dinoflagellate species.

Malaria vaccine

It is also based on the circumsporozoite protein, but additionally has the recombinant (Asn-Ala-Pro15Asn-Val-Asp-Pro)2-Leu-Arg(R32LR) protein covalently bound to a purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin (A9).

Music of Kosovo

The most notable Albanian rock bands are: Gjurmët, Diadema, Jericho, Offchestra, Toxin, Purgatory, Minatori, Trix, Troja, Votra, Humus, Asgjë Sikur Dielli, Gillespie, Kthjellu, Cute Babulja, Babilon, Bloody Foreigners etc.

Ochratoxin A

Ochratoxin A, a toxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum, is one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins.

Oligopeptide

Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanita phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.

Pierre Paul Émile Roux

He studied its toxin and its properties, and began in 1891 to develop an effective serum to treat the disease, following the demonstration, by Emil Adolf von Behring (1854–1917) and Kitasato Shibasaburō (1852–1931) that antibodies against the diphtheric toxin could be produced in animals.

Pride

According to buddhist monk Matthieu Ricard, Pride (along with hatred, obsession, arrogance, envy and greed) is a mental toxin, a mental affliction, that is often responsible for a mental state of anger, jealousy or envy, and therefore resulting in unhappiness.

Rac3

Rac3 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3) is a small (~21 kDa) monomeric GTP-binding protein G protein and is an important component of intracellular signalling pathways.

Renshaw cell

Renshaw cells are also the target of the toxin of Clostridium tetani, a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that lives in the soil.

RTX toxin

The name RTX (repeats in toxin) refers to the glycine and aspartate-rich repeats located at the C-terminus of the toxin proteins, which facilitate export by a dedicated T1SS encoded within the rtx operon.

Spider toxin

A representative of this group is hanatoxin, a 35 amino acid peptide toxin which was isolated from Chilean rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea, syn. G. spatulata) venom.

Striated surgeonfish

Ciguatera poisoning is caused by the accumulation of a toxin produced by certain microscopic dinoflagellates which it ingests while feeding on algae.

Synthetic vaccine

The world's first synthetic vaccine was created in 1982 from diphtheria toxin by Louis Chedid (scientist) from the Pasteur Institute and Michael Sela from the Weizmann Institute.

Tetraopes tetrophthalmus

It is thought the beetle and its early instars derive a measure of protection from predators by incorporating toxins from the plant into their bodies, thereby becoming distasteful, much as the Monarch butterfly and its larvae do.

Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Reporting System

Secondary data sources include case reports of water-associated cases of PAM caused by Naegleria fowleri infections, case reports for chemical/toxin poisoning and wound infections (reported sporadically), data about recreational water-associated Vibrio cases from the Cholera and Other Vibrio Surveillance System, and case reports for pool chemical-related health events not associated with recreational water (reported sporadically.


see also