X-Nico

2 unusual facts about X-inactivation


Inactivation

X-inactivation, also called lyonization, a process by which one of the two copies of the x chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated

X-inactivation

In 1959 Susumu Ohno showed that the two X-chromosomes of mammals were different: one appeared like the autosomes; the other was condensed and heterochromatic.


Similar

X-inactivation |

132d Air Refueling Squadron

With the inactivation of Dow AFB in 1968, most of the base was purchased by the city of Bangor and reopened the following year as Bangor International Airport.

147th Reconnaissance Wing

In October 1979, in as part of the inactivation of Aerospace Defense Command, the USAF gained command responsibilities which shifted to Tactical Air Command (TAC) and a sub-organization equivalent to a numbered air force designated as Air Defense, Tactical Air Command (ADTAC).

17th Space Surveillance Squadron

With the inactivation of the 73rd Space Group and closure of RAF Edzell, Scotland, in October 1996, the 5th Space Surveillance Squadron, at RAF Feltwell, United Kingdom incorporated the LASS mission.

20th Operational Weather Squadron

Until its inactivation in April 2006, the 20th Operational Weather Squadron was responsible for producing and disseminating mission planning and execution weather analyses, forecasts, and briefings for Air Force, Army, Navy, Marines, Guard, Reserve, USFK, PACOM, PACAF, USAPRAC, SOCPAC, and NAVPAC forces operating at 115 installations/sites over 5.2 million sq.mi.

30th Air Division

Moved to Sioux City, Iowa in 1966 as part of an ADC reorganization and became responsible for air defense a large area of the upper Midwest after the inactivation of the Sioux City Air Defense Sector.

340th Flying Training Group

With the inactivation of SAC, the wing was reassigned to Air Mobility Command on 1 June 1992 and was inactivated on 1 October 1992 as part of the general drawdown of the USAF after the Cold War ended, its components subsequently merging with collocated 443d Airlift Wing at Altus to form the 97th Air Mobility Wing.

381st Training Group

On 2 October 1981, Deputy Secretary of Defense Frank Carlucci III ordered the inactivation of the Titan II weapon system.

455th Flying Training Squadron

Inactivated in 1957 due to budget reductions Reactivated by Air Training Command as a navigator training squadron in 1972; inactivated with the closure of Mather AFB and the inactivation of its host unit in 1993.

9th Space Division

ESMC and WSMC became respectively the 45th Space Wing and 30th Space Wing within two months of the Division's inactivation in 1991.

BEI

Binary ethylenimine, an inactivant used in the inactivation of the foot-and-mouth disease virus

Disinfectant

In the 1940s and early 1950s, further studies showed inactivation of diverse bacteria, influenza virus, and Penicillium chrysogenum (previously P. notatum) mold fungus using various glycols, principally propylene glycol and triethylene glycol.

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule

Deletion of a portion of the 3’ end of the EpCAM gene causes epigenetic inactivation of the MSH2 gene by hypermethylating the promoter region of the MSH2 gene.

HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer

The biology of HPV+ OPC is distinct of HPV- OPC with P53 degradation (inactivated by E6 instead of by genetic mutation), pRB pathway inactivation (by E7 instead of Cyclin D1 amplification), and P16 upregulation (over-expression of p16 instead of inactivation due to reduced negative feedback from pRB).

Inactivation

RNA interference, also called RNA inactivation, a system that regulates the activity of genes

Inactivated vaccine, a vaccine that consists of viruses which are grown in culture and then killed

Leptomycin

At low nM concentrations, Leptomycin B blocks the nuclear export of many proteins including HIV-1 Rev, MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB/IκB, and it inhibits the inactivation of p53.

Opus 100

Excerpt from The Kinetics of the Reaction Inactivation of Tyrosinase during its Catalysis of the Aerobic Oxidation of Catechol

Phù Cát Air Base

With the inactivation of the 12th Tactical Fighter Wing, the 6259th Air Base Squadron and 6259th USAF Dispensary were activated at Phu Cat AB on 18 November 1971 to administrate services provided to the Air Force personnel remaining at the base.

Primary hyperparathyroidism

In all cases, the disease is idiopathic, but is thought to involve inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (Menin gene in MEN1), or involve gain of function mutations (RET proto-oncogene MEN 2a).

UGT2A1

Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the olfactory epithelium have been suggested to catalyze inactivation and facilitate elimination of odorants.

Uveal melanoma

The most important genetic alteration associated with poor prognosis in uveal melanoma is inactivation of BAP1, which most often occurs through mutation of one allele and subsequent loss of an entire copy of Chromosome 3 (Monosomy 3) to unmask the mutant copy.


see also