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unusual facts about enlightenment


Counter-Enlightenment

Berlin argues that, while there were enemies of the Enlightenment outside of Germany (e.g. Joseph de Maistre) and before the 1770s (e.g. Giambattista Vico), Counter-Enlightenment thought did not really 'take off' until the Germans 'rebelled against the dead hand of France in the realms of culture, art and philosophy, and avenged themselves by launching the great counter-attack against the Enlightenment.'


A Philosopher by Lamplight

Shells were the sign of pilgrims but they were also the emblem of the Darwin family which included Erasmus Darwin who was a leading member of the Lunar Society and Derby Philosophical Society which linked key men in the age of enlightenment.

Aaron Isaac

It was the age of the Enlightenment, led by philosophers whose works revolutionized the social structure of Europe.

Abraham Furtado

Arthur Hertzberg, The French Enlightenment and the Jews: The Origins of Modern Anti-Semitism, Columbia University Press, New York, 1968.

Aleksandar Teodorov-Balan

In 1884 he settled in Sofia, the capital of the Principality of Bulgaria, spending four years working for the Ministry of Popular Enlightenment.

Balmiki Prasad Singh

He presided over the four-day Global Buddhist Conference that began on Sunday with the chanting of prayers to mark the 2,600th year of Buddha's enlightenment.

Benalmádena Stupa

Benalmádena Stupa (Chan Chub Chorten in Tibetan) symbolizes Buddha's enlightenment, the realisation of the nature of mind, and is one of the eight different forms that stupas are built according to.

Bergen County Court House

On top of the dome is a copper figure entitled “Enlightenment Giving Power” by Johannes Gelert.

Brian Nobili

As of July 2011, Brian is the Director of Enlightenment at SocialFlow, a social media optimization platform based in New York.

Bukichi Miki

This was a very witty statement using the story of the Buddhist monk Daruma Daishi who faced a wall in China's Shaolin Monastery and after doing zen meditation for nine years, achieved enlightenment.

Cultural movement

Began in Germany and spread to England and France as a reaction against Neoclassicism and against the Age of Enlightenment.

Dark retreat

All spiritual traditions have used Darkness Techniques in the pursuit of enlightenment: in Europe, the dark room appeared as a network of tunnels, in Egypt as the Pyramides, in Rome as the catacombs, by the Essenes in Israel and Taoists in China as caves.

Diospyros sandwicensis

The white sapwood represented enlightenment, and thus had many religious uses.

Enlightenment Productions

Enlightenment Productions is multi-media entertainment company based in London and founded in partnership between producer Hanan Kattan and writer and director Shamim Sarif.

Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin

Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin (4 October 1750, Vitebsk – 25 August 1807, Końskowola) is considered to be one of the most distinguished Polish poets of the Polish sentimentalism in the Enlightenment period.

French Penal Code of 1791

It was France's first penal code, and was influenced by the Enlightenment thinking of Cesare Beccaria and Montesquieu.

Gedaliah Bublick

As a young man, Bublick drifted away from traditional Jewish life for the Haskalah (Enlightenment) Movement, but becoming convinced of its falsehood, he returned to become a staunch advocate for Orthodox Judaism.

Gilbert Raynolds Combs

He was part of the movement among conservatory directors to model their society after the social, intellectual, and artistic clubs devoted to Enlightenment Idealism.

Giuseppe Gioachino Belli

Belli made some trips to Northern and Central Italy, where he could come in contact with a more evolved literary world, as well with the Enlightenment and revolutionary milieu which was almost totally absent in Rome.

Huvishka

Decorated coins of Huvishka were found at Bodh Gaya together with other gold offerings under the "Enlightenment Throne" of the Buddha.

Iddhipada

Bodhipakkhiyādhammā - seven sets of 37 mental qualities conducive to Enlightenment

Integral yoga

The former represents the Inner Guide which is realised through the Heart, the latter can be compared to the traditional concept of Vedantic, Buddhist and popular guru Enlightenment and the descriptions of the Causal and Ultimate stages of spiritual development in the evolutionary philosophy of the integral thinker Ken Wilber.

Ippen

During a pilgrimage to Kumano (熊野), the kami deity enshrined there revealed to Ippen that enlightenment was determined by Amida Buddha (阿弥陀) and that Ippen should devote himself to preaching the importance of reciting the name of Amida, nembutsu (念仏).

Jean-Baptiste de La Curne de Sainte-Palaye

See also Lionel Gossman's book, Medievalism and the ideologies of the Enlightenment: the world and work of La Curne de Sainte-Palaye (Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1968).

Jean-Jacques Pillot

He saw belief in God as superstition, in the manner of the atheists of the Enlightenment, but he also accounted for this belief in a manner that resembles Ludwig Feuerbach's theory of religious alienation: because human beings are powerless, they project omnipotence onto an imaginary God; because they are poor and suffering, they project infinite luxury and happiness onto an imaginary heaven.

John Cramer

Johann Ulrich von Cramer (1706–1772), German judge, legal scholar, and Enlightenment philosopher

Jordan S. Gruber

Through Enlightenment.Com he has also published written, audio, and video interviews with a wide-range of other psycho-spiritual luminaries, including Deepak Chopra, Andrew Cohen (spiritual teacher), and Jean Houston.

Josip Vilfan

He was also highly influenced by the social theories of Enlightenment thinkers such as Montesquieu, Lessing, Diderot, as well as by the Scottish enlightenment, Latin classics (mostly Cicero and Seneca), and the constitutional thought of the American founding fathers.

Krodha

Wrathful deities - in Buddhism, enlightened beings who take on wrathful forms in order to lead sentient beings to enlightenment.

Libahunt

In folklore the werewolves represent the cycle of legends of essentially shamanistic content - a man turning into animal and reverse - that were modified by the xenophobic in-group/out-group hatred and the whitch-hunt of the Baroque era church's inquisition, fighting against the loss of power after the scientific progress in Renaissance and the Enlightenment.

Luciferianism

Rather, Lucifer in this context is seen as one of many Morning Star, a symbol of enlightenment, independence and human progression, and is often used interchangeably with similar figures from a range of ancient beliefs, such as the Greek titan Prometheus or the Jewish figure Lilith.

Manchester Independent Economic Review

The Review panel is an independent panel of economists and business leaders, led by Sir Tom McKillop, Chairman of the Review panel, Jim O’Neill - Head of Global Economic Research for Goldman Sachs, Professor Edward Glaeser - Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics at the University of Harvard, Diane Coyle - Managing Director of Enlightenment Economics and Jonathan Kestenbaum - Chief Executive of NESTA, The National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts.

Matija Antun Relković

Relković's prison years became his Lehrjahre, his educational period: a voracious but unsystematic reader, he studied many works by leading Enlightenment writers (Voltaire, Bayle, Diderot), as well as Polish poet Jan Kochanowski's didactic epic Satir- which became the model for his most famous work.

Maximilian von Montgelas

The Elector Charles Theodore, who had at first favored him, became offended on discovering that he was associated with the Illuminati, a secret society in Bavaria that held to the most anti-clerical propositions of the Enlightenment.

Mittwochsgesellschaft

Berliner Mittwochsgesellschaft (1783–1798), or Gesellschaft der Freunde der Aufklärung ("Society of Friends of the Enlightenment")

Montmorency, Victoria

Montmorency was named after a local farm, Montmorency Estate, which in turn was named for the town of Montmorency, Val-d'Oise, where the French Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau lived briefly.

Nakshi kantha

Pipal is sacred to the Buddha because he received enlightenment under its shade.

Nicola Abbagnano

In existentialism, having freed himself from the negative implications he found in Heidegger, in Jaspers, in Sartre, in Dewey's pragmatism and in neopositivism, Abagnano saw the signs of a new philosophical trend, that he called a "New Enlightenment" in an article written in 1948.

Nigrodharama

Nigrodhārāma was a Banyan grove near Kapilavastu, where a residence was provided for the Buddha when he visited the city in the first year after his Enlightenment.

North Indian culture

The Mahabodhi Temple complex at Bodh Gaya, Bihar built by Emperor Ashoka in 260 BC, marks the enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautam Buddha.

Passionate Minds

Passionate Minds: The Great Enlightenment Love Affair is a book by author David Bodanis.

Predecessor culture

Predecessor culture is a sociological phrase originating in Alasdair MacIntyre's book, After Virtue, in which he considers society before the Enlightenment's project of rationalizing all things as having an internal consistency and meaning which has been lost to us.

Reactionary modernism

"Reactionary modernism" is a term coined by Jeffrey Herf in 1984 book, Reactionary Modernism: Technology, Culture and Politics in Weimar and the Third Reich, to describe the mixture of "great enthusiasm for modern technology with a rejection of the Enlightenment and the values and institutions of liberal democracy" which was characteristic of the German Conservative Revolutionary movement and Nazism.

Right to education

In Europe, before the Enlightenment of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, education was the responsibility of parents and the church.

Romanticism in science

Examples of prominent Enlightenment scholars include: Sir Isaac Newton (physics and mathematics), René Descartes (philosophy), and Andreas Vesalius (anatomy).

Seongcheol

As Ma Tzu said, 'attained once, attained forever.' Any enlightenment that comes and goes or has gradations is nothing more than delusion.

Tages-Anzeiger

In its early years, the magazine featured articles by writers including Niklaus Meienberg, Peter Bichsel and Laure Wyss, and, as a bastion of journalistic enlightenment in the 1970s, it heavily defined cultural and political discourse in Switzerland.

The Zen of CSS Design

The Zen of CSS Design: Visual Enlightenment for the Web is a book by web designers Dave Shea and Molly E. Holzschlag, published in 2005.

Volkstum

Möser already bordered on being the "Vater der Volkskunde" (Father of Ethnology) the Deutschtum against the cosmopolitanism of the Enlightenment and against the French Revolution.

Zois Mansion

It served as residence of Baron Sigmund Zois, a leading figure of Enlightenment in the Slovene Lands of the Austrian monarchy and supporter of the revival of Slovene culture and literature.


see also