Further conquests extended down the east coast, incorporating several pepper-producing and gold-producing regions.
Pink pepper from Piper nigrum is distinct from the more-common dried "pink peppercorns", which are actually the fruits of a plant from a different family, the Peruvian pepper tree, Schinus molle, or its relative the Brazilian pepper tree, Schinus terebinthifolius.
Sometime in the late 17th century an attempt was made to establish a pepper plantation on Krakatoa but the islands were generally ignored by the Dutch East India Company.
One of them is sprinkling salt and pepper on to Mort while another holds a fork and knife ready for him to be their meal.
To prepare the dish onions, vinegar, white wine and spices (bay leaves, pepper, clove and juniper berries) are cooked together.
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The main area is made up of 68 terraces and planted with spices crops like clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, pepper, and vanilla and fruits like mangosteen, jack, durain, litchi, longsal, carambola, grape fruits, rose apple and mango.
There are common elements among these variants including dahi, or yogurt; chopped onions and coriander; sev (small dried yellow salty noodles); and chaat masala, typically consisting of amchoor (dried mango powder), cumin, Kala Namak (rock salt), coriander, dried ginger, salt, black pepper, and red pepper.
Although variations exist, common ingredients include red currants or cowberries, port or wine, mustard, pepper, orange, ginger, and vinegar.
The compartment represents gambir and black pepper, crops cultivated by Johor's traditional agricultural industry.
Traditional Indian kitchens have long utilised the medicinal benefits offered by various plants and spices such as basil (Tulsi), cardamom (Elaichi), pepper (Kali Mirch), liquorice (Mulethi), mint (Pudina), etc., and traditionally, tisanes made with these plant leaves and/or spices have been in use for centuries for maladies ranging from the serious to the trifling.
One type of metsubushi was a powder made up of ashes, ground-up pepper, mud, flour, and dirt.
Ephraim Chambers, in his 1728 Cyclopaedia, says "Mithridate is one of the capital Medicines in the Apothecaries Shops, being composed of a vast Number of Drugs, as Opium, Myrrh, Agaric, Saffron, Ginger, Cinnamon, Spikenard, Frankincense, Castor, Pepper, Gentian, &c".
Like his father he was a substantial stockholder in the East India Company, and throughout his twenties he imported a wide variety of commodities, including cloves, indigo, silks, pepper, elephant tusks, calicoes, and shells.
Shortly thereafter, it became a local specialty in Santa Maria, California, rubbed with salt, pepper, fresh garlic, and other seasonings, grilled directly over red oak wood to medium-rare.
During the reign of Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor and under the influence of the British rule in the 1870s, a policy was initiated to modernise Johor and increase tax revenue by opening up more of the forest and swamp area for plantation purposes (initially for spices such as pepper and gambier; then followed by rubber).
Rice, pigeon peas, salt, black pepper, cumin, and possibly orégano brujo are then added and stirred until every grain of rice is coated with sofrito.
At a recent show spice growers from Peermade displayed samples of organically grown spices like cardamom, black pepper, white pepper, nutmeg, mace, cloves, turmeric, ginger, vanilla beans, vanilla powder and herbs like oregano, sage, thyme and rosemary.
Later, the Portuguese and the Dutch established trade relations with both these kingdoms, dealing in black pepper and other spices.