The permeability of the septum was questioned by Michael Servetus in Christianismi Restitutio in 1553 and by Ibn al-Nafis in the 12th century and both proposed that the blood was pushed from the right ventricle to the left via the lungs, however, both of these accounts were largely forgotten.
Ibn al-Nafis later wrote another novel, Theologus Autodidactus, as a response to Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus, defending some of al-Ghazali's views.
Ibn Khaldun | Ibn Battuta | Husayn ibn Ali | Hasan ibn Ali | Ibn Hisham | Jābir ibn Hayyān | Ibn Ezra | Abraham ibn Ezra | Tariq ibn Ziyad | Ibn Battuta Mall | Ibn Arabi | Solomon ibn Gabirol | Ibn Saud | Ibn Hawqal | Ibn Ezra (disambiguation) | Abu Sufyan ibn Harb | Yusuf ibn Tashfin | Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari | Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University | Ibn Khordadbeh | Ibn Abi Zar | Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik | Amrus ibn Yusuf | Akhnas ibn Shariq | Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak | Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa | Zayyan ibn Mardanish | Ubayda ibn as-Samit | Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik |
In spite of that al-Tawhidi tried hard to improve his status when he contacted some of the high-ranking statesmen, such as the viziers: Al-Muhallabi, Ibn al-'Amid, Sahib ibn 'Abbad and others, but it was disappointing every time, probably because of lack of luck.
Modern historians have suspected that Mas'ud instigated the murder although the two most important historians of the period Ibn al-Athir and Ibn al-Jawzi did not speculate on this matter.
In particular, he was known for his intensely negative views of Ibn Arabi, Hallaj, Ibn al-Farid, Ibn Sab'in and Shushtari, some of the primary figures in Sufism.
Though Vadalov played no role in the 1999 Dagestan incursion led by Shamil Basayev and Ibn al-Khattab, following Russia's re-invasion of Chechnya that autumn he joined Khattab's Arab Mujahideen in Chechnya.
This treatise on geometry was used extensively in the Middle Ages, quoted by authors such as Thābit ibn Qurra, Ibn al‐Haytham, Leonardo Fibonacci (in his Practica geometriae), Jordanus de Nemore, and Roger Bacon.
He sees specific influences in Alhazen's physical optical theory, Chinese mechanical technologies leading to the perception of the world as a machine, the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, which carried implicitly a new mode of mathematical atomic thinking, and the heliocentrism rooted in in ancient Egyptian religious ideas associated with Hermeticism.
Ibn al-Nadim among other Islamic medieval historians, for instance, wrote that "The Iranian languages are Fahlavi (Pahlavi), Dari, Khuzi, Persian and Suryani (Assyrian)", and Ibn Moqaffa noted that Khuzi was the unofficial language of the royalty of Persia, "Khuz" being the corrupted name for Elam.
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), in his Book of Optics (1021), expanded the principle to both reflection and refraction, and expressed an early version of the principle of least time.
Abu 'l-Fadl ibn al-'Amid (d. 970), scholar and vizier of the Buyid emir of Rayy, Rukn al-Dawla.
Ibn al‐Bannāʾ al‐Marrākushī al-Azdi also known as Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Azdi.
One of the most beautiful in the rayḥānī script is in the Laleli Mosque in Istanbul, a gift of the Ottoman Sultan Selim I (1470–1512).
His position as a teacher at the Azhar mosque allowed him to provide for his family, which included three children.
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Ibn al-Farid's two masterpieces are The Wine Ode, a beautiful meditation on the "wine" of divine bliss, and The Poem of the Sufi Way, a profound exploration of spiritual experience along the Sufi Path and perhaps the longest mystical poem composed in Arabic.
Ibn al-Mughallis was supposedly instrumental in the removal of the Banu Salama tribe of Arabs from Huesca in the Marca Hispanica.
The Ādāb is cast in the parallellistic mode of expression born of the early Khotba and expanded and elaborated in Omayyad hortatory compositions, unembroidered with contrived rhyming of the sort found in later Abbasid prose literature.
Severus Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ (d. 987), Egyptian Copt Bishop, author and historian
His family, known by the surname Abū Bakr, was under the patronage of the Qurayshi tribe, and his father was a judge in Seville and Écija.
It goes on to ask why Safa and Marwa are venerated, and what difference there is between them and any other hill in the vicinity of Mecca, for example the hill of Abu Qubays, and why the Kaaba is any better than any other house.
On September 8, 2006, the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence released "Phase II" of its report on prewar intelligence on Iraq.
‘Ibn al-Tiqtaqā’, or the son of a chatterbox, was an onomatopoeic nickname for the Iraqi historian Jalāl-ad-Dīn Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Tāji’d-Dīn Abi’l-Hasan ’Ali, the spokesman of the Shi'a community in the Shi’ī holy cities—Hillah, Najaf, and Karbala; in an Iraq that was to remain the stronghold of Shi'ism, until the forcible conversion of Iran by Shah Ismail I Safavi.
Poesías / Ibn Al-Zaqqāq ; edición y traducción en verso del árabe de Emilio García Gómez, Publicación Madrid : Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, 1986
Ibn Al-Nadim says that he was the author of Taabirul Ro'oya (What Dreams Express), which is different from or an abridged version of Muntakhabul Kalam Fi Tafsir El Ahlam (A Concise Guide for the Interpretation of Dreams) first printed in Bulaq, Egypt, in 1284 AH, in Lucknow in AD 1874 and in Bombay in 1296 AH.
Those who saw the permissibility of music include Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi, Ibn al-Qaisarani, Ibn Sina, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, Rumi, Ibn Rushd, and Ibn Hazm.
Recent scholarship indicates that in his work on perspective, Ghiberti was influenced by the Arab polymath Alhazen who had written about the optical basis of perspective in the early 11th century.
The Maliki scholar Ibn al-Arabi, known for his exegesis of the Sunan al-Tirmidhi, stated that seeing and hearing the prophets while awake is possible for the pure believer.
Khalilov came to the attention of the authorities in 1998 when he married the sister of the foreign mujahideen commander Ibn al-Khattab's ethnic Dargin wife; he moved to her home village of Karamakhi, which acquired notoriety in the summer of the same year, when its residents introduced Sharia law and declared an Islamic state.
Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Manaqib, see Bihar, vol.8, 160; and `Abd al-Zahra', I, 310-11;
The conflict occurred both in the provinces of Riau and in Kedah, Selangor, Siak and Kalimantan.
According to Kamal Suleiman Salibi, the last Ziyadi ruler was murdered in 1018 and replaced by Nafis.